Chp. 3 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Flashcards
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| 8789366742 | Clinical Assessment | Systematic evaluation and measurement (Psychological, Biological, social) | 0 | |
| 8789372045 | Diagnosis | Degree of fit between symptoms and diagnostic criteria | 1 | |
| 8789396795 | Understand, predict, treatment, evaluate outcome | Purpose of Clinical Assessment | 2 | |
| 8789424491 | Funnel | What assessment of psychological disorders are analogous to | 3 | |
| 8789452828 | Reliability | Degree to which a measure is consistent | 4 | |
| 8789452829 | Validity | Extent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure | 5 | |
| 8789458471 | Concurrent, Predictive, Construct | Types of Validity | 6 | |
| 8789461156 | Concurrent Validity | Comparison between results of one assessment with another measure known to be valid | 7 | |
| 8789463588 | Predictive Validity | How well the assessment predicts outcomes | 8 | |
| 8789463589 | Construct Validity | Degree to which test or item measures the unobservable construct it claims to measure | 9 | |
| 8789475096 | Test-Retest Reliability | Can take one test and take a again and get relatively same response | 10 | |
| 8789482406 | Inter-Rater Reliability | Two coders are getting relatively the same results | 11 | |
| 8789485272 | Standardization | Ensures consistency and benchmarks for comparison | 12 | |
| 8789502809 | Alternate Form Reliability | Giving slightly different forms to avoid practice but still getting at the same construct consistently | 13 | |
| 8789585777 | Clinical Interview | (Most common assessment method) Aimed at gathering information and can be un/semi/structured | 14 | |
| 8789601204 | Mental Status Exam | Assessment that involves systematic observation of behavior across 5 domains | 15 | |
| 8789636068 | DSM SCID | Structured clinical interview mainly used in research to consistently go about potential DSM diagnosis | 16 | |
| 8789646730 | Sensorium | General functioning awareness of surroundings oriented 3 times in person, place, and time (mental status exam) | 17 | |
| 8789751269 | Behavioral Assessment | Assessment to focus on the here and now with purpose of identifying problematic behaviors, antecedents, and situations | 18 | |
| 8789800715 | Self-Monitoring | Behavioral Assessment that is use when behaviors are in person's thoughts, inconsistent, or hard to replicate | 19 | |
| 8789811184 | Reactivity | Problem that can occur with direct observation | 20 | |
| 8789816303 | Psychological Testing | Assessment for tools of cognition, emotion, and behavior (personality, intelligence) | 21 | |
| 8789857644 | Projective Tests | Psychological assessment in psychoanalytic tradition that requires high degree of inference in scoring and interpretation | 22 | |
| 8789896514 | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | (Projective Test) See a picture and tell a story from it | 23 | |
| 8789896515 | Rorschach Inkblot | (Projective Test) Looking at what they think image is and clinician getting personality tendencies | 24 | |
| 8789985089 | Icebreaker and Qualitative Information | Strengths of projective tests | 25 | |
| 8789988573 | Objective Tests | Assessment in Empirical Tradition that have minimal inference and less ambiguous | 26 | |
| 8789992405 | Objective Personality Inventories | MMPI, has validity, reliability, and normative database | 27 | |
| 8790023172 | L (MMPI) | Lie, attempting to present self-favorably | 28 | |
| 8790023173 | F (MMPI) | Faking a bad response (wanting to look abnormal) or random responses | 29 | |
| 8790023174 | K (MMPI) | Defensiveness or "faking good" | 30 | |
| 8790052955 | Validity Scales | In MMPI to see if person is trying to throw you off | 31 | |
| 8790079222 | Clinical Scores | In MMPI to test | 32 | |
| 8790082336 | Hs (Hypochondriasis) | (MMPI) Excessive sensitivity to and concern with bodily sensations | 33 | |
| 8790082337 | D (Depression) | (MMPI) Depressive symptoms, pessimism, dysphoria | 34 | |
| 8790084873 | Hy (Hysteria) | (MMPI) Tendency to react to stress through somatization | 35 | |
| 8790084874 | Pd (Psychopathic Deviate) | (MMPI) Little concern for social values and standards, rebellious, may engage in antisocial acts | 36 | |
| 8790121121 | Mf (Masculinity-Feminity) | (MMPI) Tendency to exhibit nontraditional gender characteristics | 37 | |
| 8790124021 | Pa (Paranoia) | (MMPI) Suspicious, misinterprets motives of others, guarded | 38 | |
| 8790124022 | Pt (Psychathenia) | (MMPI) Anxiousness, worried, fearful, obsessive compulsive tendencies | 39 | |
| 8790124026 | Sc (Schizophrenia) | (MMPI) Bizarre sensory experiences or beliefs, may be confused, disorganized, disoriented | 40 | |
| 8790126742 | Ma (Hypomania) | (MMPI) Overactivity, unrealistic self-appraisal, being energetic and talkative | 41 | |
| 8790126743 | Si (Social Introversion) | (MMPI) Shyness, tendency to be reserved, timid, socially introverted | 42 | |
| 8790144266 | Objective Intelligence Tests | Objective way of intellectual functioning in school-system (Western) NOT how smart they are | 43 | |
| 8790153640 | Norms of scores (with similar demographics) | How IQ is scored | 44 | |
| 8790187834 | Verbal and Performance | Domains of Intelligence Tests | 45 | |
| 8790258383 | Neuropsychological Testing | Assessments whose goal is to assess broad range of skills and abilities and to understand brain-behavior relations | 46 | |
| 8790305531 | Neuroimaging | Allows for a window on brain structure and function | 47 | |
| 8790309775 | Imaging Brain Structure | CAT Scan X-rays of slices of brain to identify abnormalities in shape | 48 | |
| 8790323253 | MRI | Uses magnetic fields to detects changes in position of protons in the hydrogen atoms within the tissue BUT $$ and exposure (structure) | 49 | |
| 8816437223 | PET | Injection of radioactive isotopes to identify brain activity (function) | 50 | |
| 8816443486 | fMRI | Assesses brief changes in brain activity Helps identify changes in response to sensory information and changes in brain activity during a mental task | 51 | |
| 8816592094 | Psychophysiological Assessment | Assess brain structure, function, and activity of the nervous system Includes the EEG | 52 | |
| 8816615182 | PTSD, Sleep Disorders, Sexual Dysfunctions | Disorders that typically use psychophysiological assessments | 53 | |
| 8816631624 | Diagnostic Classification | Central to all sciences because it can assign to categories base don shared attributes and relations | 54 | |
| 8816656372 | Idiographic Strategy (Classification) | What is unique about an individual's personality, cultural background, or circumstances for classification | 55 | |
| 8816656373 | Nomothetic Strategy | Consideration of similarities among large groups of people with the same disorder to determine what they have in common for classifications. (trying to name the problem) Often used when identifying a specific psychological disorder to make a diagnosis | 56 | |
| 8816674164 | Taxonomy | Classification in a scientific context | 57 | |
| 8816674165 | Nosology | Taxonomy of psychological/ medical phenomena | 58 | |
| 8816674166 | Nomenclatures | Nosological labels (jargon -> bipolar disorder) | 59 | |
| 8816689175 | Classical (or pure) categorical approach | strict categories (e.g., you either have social anxiety disorder or you don't). Based on assumption of clear differences between disorders, each of which has a unique cause | 60 | |
| 8816689176 | Dimensional approach | classification along dimensions (e.g., different people have varying amounts of anxiety in social situations) | 61 | |
| 8816691729 | Prototypical approach | Criteria for disorders involve essential, defining characteristics combined with a range of variation on other characteristics. | 62 | |
| 8816746482 | ICD-10 | WHO published for international classification of diseases | 63 | |
| 8816832989 | DSM-IV | Eliminated distinction between psychological and organic mental disorders | 64 | |
| 8816837975 | DSM-III | Revolutionized classification and include 5 axes for types of problems and was more specific | 65 | |
| 8816933755 | Criteria NOT Cause (limits scientific progress), Comorbidity, Stigmatization of Label | Major issue of DSM-V | 66 | |
| 8816956997 | Stigmatization of Label | Problem with DSM-V where c classification leads us to "know" all of their symptoms | 67 | |
| 8878609449 | appearance/behavior, thought processes, mood and affect, intellectual functioning, sensorium | 5 domains of Mental Status Exam | 68 | |
| 8878657591 | Thought Process | (Mental Status Exam) Does conversation make sense, bouncing from thought to thought | 69 | |
| 8878663218 | Appearance and Behavior | (Mental Status Exam) Do they take care of hygiene | 70 | |
| 8878666343 | Mood and Affect | (Mental Status Exam) Flat affect, elated | 71 | |
| 8878669906 | Affect | How emotional state is reflected throughout conversation | 72 | |
| 8878672538 | Mood | Predominant feeling state of the individual | 73 | |
| 8878698671 | Loose Association (derailment) | (Thought Process) Disorganized speech pattern (scz) | 74 | |
| 8878734348 | Delusions of persecution | (Thought processes) Person thinks people are after them | 75 | |
| 8878746387 | Delusions of grandeur | (Thought processes) Person thinks thy are all-powerful in some way | 76 | |
| 8878748877 | Ideas of reference | (Thought processes) Person thinks that everything everyone else does somehow related back to the individual (strangers are talking about you) | 77 | |
| 8878764356 | Semi-Strcutured Clinical Interviews | Assessment made of questions that ave been carefully phrased and tested to elicit useful information in a consistent manner so that way clinicians can get most important aspects of disorder | 78 | |
| 8878872281 | Informal Observation | Form of observation (behavioral) that relies on observer's recollections and interpretations | 79 | |
| 8878872282 | Operational Definition | Observable and measurable behavior | 80 | |
| 8878887775 | Formal Observation | Form of observation (behavioral) that identifies specific behaviors that are observable and measurable | 81 | |
| 8878971060 | Personality Inventories | (Psychological testing) self-report questionnaires that assess perusal traits | 82 | |
| 8878976227 | Face Validity | Seems to be asking questions to get at desired information | 83 | |
| 8879015701 | Intelligence Quotient (IQ) | Take mental age / chronological age X 100 | 84 | |
| 8879020523 | False Positive | (Neuropsychological testing) Seeing an impairment when there is nothing | 85 | |
| 8879020524 | False Negative | (Neuropsychological testing) Not seeing an impairment when there is one | 86 | |
| 8879077181 | CAT Scan | Computerized axial tomography that used multiple x-rays to represent slices of brain structure | 87 | |
| 8915738718 | Cognition, Emotion, Behavior | Specific tools of assessment for psychological testing | 88 | |
| 8915741824 | Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence | ABCs of behavioral assessment | 89 | |
| 8915776103 | Familial Aggregation | Extent to which the disorder would be found among the patient's relatives | 90 | |
| 8915779040 | Predictive Validity | Tell what is likely to happen to prototypical patient | 91 | |
| 8915780079 | Criterion Validity | When the outcome is what we use to judge the usefulness of the diagnostic criteria | 92 | |
| 8915781411 | Content Validity | If you create a diagnosis for a disorder it would reflect the way most experts in the field think of that disorder (get the label right) | 93 | |
| 8915868589 | Subthreshold | Not quite meeting DSM criteria, no impairment or not all symptoms present | 94 | |
| 8915872269 | Primary care settings | where person first goes with their problem | 95 | |
| 8915877446 | Reliability, Validity, Standardization | What the value of an assessment depends on | 96 |