AP Psychology Biological Bases of Behaviour Flashcards

5142954934	Cerebral Cortex	The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.	0
5142954935	Glial Cells	Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons. "Glue cells"' Worker bees provide nutrients and insulating myelin guide neural connections mop up ions and neurotransmitters	1
5142954936	Frontal Lobes	portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements.	2
5142954937	Parietal Lobes	portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position.	3
5142954938	Occipital Lobes	portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields.	4
5142954939	Temporal Lobe	An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information	5
5142954940	Motor Cortex	an area of the brain, near the rear of the frontal lobes, that controls voluntary movement	6
5142954941	No	Brain has ______ sensory receptors	7
5142954942	Somatosensory Cortex	A brain area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations	8
5142954943	Auditory Cortex	Sound waves processed by ears, turned into neural impulses, and interpreted in this. Left ear impulses are interpreted by both hemispheres.	9
5142954944	Visual Cortex	(@ occipital lobes- rear of brain) recieves input from the eyes	10
5142954945	Association Areas	areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking	11
5143092240	Aphasia		12
5142954946	Broca's Area	speech production	13
5142954947	Wernickes's Area	Damage disrupts understanding	14
5142954948	Plasticity	the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience.	15
5142954949	neurogenesis	the formation of new neurons	16
5142954950	behavior genetics	the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior	17
5142954951	environment	every external influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us	18
5142954952	chromosomes	threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes	19
5142954953	DNA	a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes	20
5142954954	genes	the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins	21
5142954955	genome	the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all genetic material in that organism's chromosomes	22
5142954956	identical twins	twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms	23
5142954957	fraternal twins	twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs, genetically no closer than brother and sister, but share a fetal environment	24
5142954958	molecular genetics	the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes	25
5142954959	heritability	the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes	26
5142954960	interaction	the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another factor	27
5142954961	epigenetics	the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change	28
5142954962	Left visual field recieves info from _______ visual field.	Right.	29
5142954963	Corpus callosum	The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.	30
5142954964	Split brain	A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brains two hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them.	31
5142954965	Split brain experiment:	Gazzaniga (1967) -The word heart was spelled on a screen/paper and there was a line through the middle of it. People with a split brain SEE the ART half and SAY the HE half.	32
5142954966	Left hemisphere	Hemisphere that handles speech, verbals and hand signals.	33
5142954967	Right hemisphere	Hemisphere associated with visual perception & recognition of emotion.	34
5142954968	Consciousness	Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.	35
5142954969	Cognitive neuroscience	The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition.	36
5142954970	Cognitive neuroscience includes:	-perception -thinking -memory -language	37
5142954971	Dual processing	The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.	38
5142954972	Severed corpus callosum	Doesn't participate in information sharing.	39
5142954973	lesion	tissue destruction	40
5142954974	electroencephalogram (EEG)	an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain's surface, measured by electrodes attached to scalp	41
5142954975	CT (computed topography) scan	a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brains structure	42
5142954976	PET (position emission tomography) scan	a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task	43
5142954977	MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)	a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue; show brain anatomy	44
5142954978	fMRI	a technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans, shows brain function and structure	45
5142954979	brainstem	the oldest part and the central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions	46
5142954980	medulla	the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing	47
5142954981	thalamus	the brains sensory control center; located at top of brainstem, directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla	48
5142954982	reticular formation	a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal	49
5142954983	cerebellum	"little brain" at rear of the brainstem, functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory	50
5142954984	limbic system	neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; emotions and drive	51
5142954985	amygdala	two lima-bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system; emotion	52
5142954986	hypothalamus	a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs several maintenance activities including hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behaviour. It helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland and is linked to emotion and reward	53
5143070643	Pons		54
5142968968	Dendrites		55
5142970607	Axon		56
5142972348	Myelin Sheath		57
5142976777	Terminal branches/axon terminal		58
5142976778	Cell body		59
5142979538	Synapse		60
5142981903	Action Potential		61
5142981904	Resting Potential		62
5142984876	Ions		63
5142992865	Selectively Permeable Surface of an Axon		64
5142992866	Refractory Period		65
5142998557	Excitatory and inhibitory signals		66
5142998558	Threshold		67
5143001892	All-or-none response		68
5143001893	Neurontransmitters		69
5143005247	Reuptake		70
5143008403	Acetylcholine		71
5143008404	Dopamine		72
5143010234	Serotonin		73
5143012087	Norepinephrine		74
5143012088	GABA		75
5143015676	Glutamate		76
5143017766	Substance P		77
5143017767	Endorphins		78
5143020480	Agonists		79
5143023241	Antagonists		80
5143027235	Botulin		81
5143027236	Curare		82
5143031302	Sensory Neurons		83
5143031303	Motor Neurons		84
5143033715	Interneurons		85
5143033716	Neural Networks		86
5143037059	Endocrine System		87
5143037060	Hormones		88
5143040272	Adrenal Gland		89
5143042519	Pituitary Gland		90
5143076034	Nucleus Accumbens		91
5143079995	James Olds" Research		92
5143095822	Sperry and Gazzaniga's Research		93