AP Psychology - Biological Bases of Behaviour Flashcards

5681071261	Neuroanatomy	the study of the parts and function of neurons	0
5681075850	Nueron	individual nerve cells	1
5681077282	Dendrites	rootlike parts of the cell that stretch out from the cell body; make synaptic connections with other neurons	2
5681084737	Cell Body (Soma)	contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain life	3
5681087694	Axon	wirelike structure ending in the terminal buttons that extends from the cell body	4
5681090482	Myelin Sheath	a fatty covering around the axon of some neruons that speeds neural impulses	5
5681094082	Terminal Buttons	the branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters	6
5681096482	Neurotransmitters	chemicals contained in terminal buttons that enable neurons to communicate; fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of neurons (key and lock)	7
5681102470	Synapse	the space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron	8
5681344855	Receptor Sites	protein molecules on neurons' dendrites or soma that are specifically shaped to accommodate a specific neurotransmitter molecule	9
5681380740	Threshold	the level of neurotransmitters that must be received	10
5681390787	Action Potential	the electric message firing	11
5681393564	All-Or-None Principle	a neuron either fires completely or not at all	12
5681422191	Excitatory Neurotransmitters	they excite the next cell into firing	13
5681424272	Inhibitory Neurotransmitters	they inhibit the next cell from firing	14
5681442349	Acetylcholine	motor movement -lack of: Alzheimer's	15
5681447844	Dopamine	motor movement and alertness -lack of: Parkinson's -overabundance: Schizophrenia	16
5681483759	Endorphins	pain control -addictions	17
5681484913	Serotonin	mood control -lack of: Depression	18
5681500815	GABA	inhibitory -seizures, sleep problems	19
5681507081	Afferent Neurons (sensory)	take information from the senses to the brain	20
5681511693	Efferent Neurons (motor)	take information from the brain to the rest of the body	21
5681513526	Central Nervous System	brain & spinal cord (all nerves housed within bone)	22
5681519866	Spinal Cord	a bundle of nerves that run through the centre of the spine, transmits information from the rest of the body to the brain	23
5681528352	Peripheral Nervous System	all the nerves in your body not encased in bone	24
5681532082	Somatic Nervous System	controls our voluntary muscle movements	25
5681534251	Autonomic Nervous System	controls the automatic functions of our body	26
5681543731	Sympathetic Nervous System	mobilizes our body to respond to stress; accelerates some functions	27
5681547596	Parasympathetic Nervous System	responsible for slowing down our body after a stress response	28
5681558152	Accidents	an unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury. -Phineas Gage	29
5682704985	Lesions	the removal or destruction of part of the brain	30
5682718214	Electroencephalogram (EEG)	detects brain waves -examine what type of waves the brain produces during different stages of consciousness	31
5682723679	Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)	sophisticated x-ray -uses several x-ray cameras that rotate around the brain and combine the images into a detailed 3D picture of the brains STRUCTURE	32
5682732078	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)	magnetic fields -measure density and location of brain material	33
5682733345	Positron Emission Tomography (PET)	see what area of the brain is most active during certain tasks -how much of a certain chemical parts of the brain are using	34
5682747359	Functional MRI (fMRI)	combines MRI and PET -shows details of brain structure with information about blood flow in the brain; MUCH QUICKER	35
5691380769	Hindbrain	structures in the top part of the spinal cord -our life support system; controls the basic biological functions that keep us alive	36
5691421081	Medulla	involved in the control of our blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing	37
5691454755	Pons	a brain stem structure having sensory and motor tracts whose functions are involved in sleep and dreaming -connects hindbrain and forebrain	38
5691510675	Cerebellum	a convoluted hindbrain structure involved in motor coordination and some aspects of learning and memory	39
5691525617	Midbrain	brain structures above the hindbrain that are involved in sensory and motor functions and in an attention and states of consciousness -coordinate simple movements with sensory information	40
5691631323	Reticular Formation	a structure extending from the hindbrain to the midbrain that plays a central role in consciousness and attention, in part by alerting and activating higher brain centres, and by selectively blocking some inputs from admission to higher regions in the brain	41
5691795926	Forebrain	brain structures above the midbrain, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and the central hemispheres; involved in higher-order sensory, motor, and cognitive functions	42
5691851728	Thalamus	a major sensory integration and relay centre in the forebrain, sometimes referred to as the brain's sensory switchboard	43
5691870786	Hypothalamus	a forebrain structure located below the thalamus and above the pituitary glad that controls autonomic and hormonal aspects of motivation and emotional behaviour	44
5691929416	Amygdala	a limbic system structure that helps to organize emotional response patterns	45
5692185442	Hippocampus	a structure of the limbic system that plays a key role in the formation and storage of memories	46
5692210680	Limbic System	a group of subcortical structures, including the hippocampus and amygdala, which are involved in organizing many goal directed and emotional behaviours	47
5692227181	Cerebral Cortex	the grey, convoluted outer covering of the brain that is the seat of a higher-order sensory, motor, perceptual, and mental processes	48
5692285545	Hemispheres	cerebral cortex is divided into two; left and right	49
5692297401	Left Hemisphere	gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the right half of the body -logic and sequential tasks	50
5692361002	Right Hemisphere	gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the left half of the body -spatial and creative tasks	51
5692408339	Brain Lateralization	the specialization of function in each hemisphere	52
5692527247	Corpus Collosum	a broad band of white, myelinated fibres that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres and allow the two hemispheres to communicate with eachother	53
5692610201	Lobes	8 in the cerebral cortex	54
5692783521	Association Area	an area of the cerebral cortex that is not associated with receiving sensory information or controlling muscle movements	55
5692867663	Frontal Lobe	the anterior portion of the cerebral hemispheres that includes Broca's speech production area, the motor cortex, and associative cortex involved in planning and problem solving	56
5692889464	Broca's Area	a region of the left frontal lobe involved in speech production	57
5692898968	Wernicke's Area	an area of the left temporal love that is involved in speech comprehension	58
5692918054	Motor Cortex	cortical area in the back of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements on the opposite sides of the body	59
5692935407	Parietal Lobe	the cerebral region behind the frontal lobe that contains the somatic sensor cortex and Wernicke's speech comprehension area	60
5692952820	Sensory Cotex	located right behind the motor cortex in the frontal lobe; thin vertical strip that receives incoming touch sensations from the rest of our body	61
5692981979	Occipital Lobe	he rearmost portion of the cerebral cortex that contains the primary visual sensory area	62
5692992102	Temporal Lobe	the portion of the cortex that lies below the parietal lobes and is the major site of auditory input to the brain	63
5693009903	Brain Plasticity	other parts of the brain can adapt themselves to perform other functions if needed	64
5693039611	Endocrine System	a system of glands that secrete hormones that affect many different biological processes in our bodies	65
5693050919	Adrenal Glands	produce adrenaline, which signals the rest of the body to prepare for fight or flight	66
5693058914	Monozygotic Twins	identical twins that share all the same genetic material; researchers study them in order to examine the influence of genes on human traits	67