AP Psychology-Biological Bases & Behaviour Flashcards

9041400805	Neurons	Nerve cells	0
9041400806	sensory neurons	neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord	1
9041400807	motor neurons	neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands	2
9041400808	Inter neurons	CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs	3
9041400809	cell body	contains nucleus and produces energy for the cell	4
9041400810	Dendrites	branching extensions of neuron that receives messages from neighboring neurons	5
9041400811	Axons	Carry impulses away from the cell body	6
9041400812	mylin sheath	coating that insulates neuron & speeds transmission	7
9041400813	resting potential	electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron	8
9041400814	action potential	a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon	9
9041400815	excitatory	Causes next cell to fire	10
9041400816	Inhibatory	Haunts the firing of the next cell	11
9041400817	all or none principle	the law that the neuron either fires at 100% or not at all	12
9041400818	neural networks	interconnected neural cells	13
9041400819	Neurotransmitters	chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons	14
9041400820	Norepinephrine	Helps control alertness and arousal Excess= mania Absence=depression Imbalance= bipolar	15
9041400821	Acetylcholine	Enables muscle action, learning, and memory Excess= can't settle Absence= not motivated	16
9041400822	Dopamine	Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion Excess= schizophrenia Absence= Parkinson's disease	17
9041400823	Seratonin	Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal Extra= nothing Absence= depression	18
9041400824	Endorphins	Natural painkillers	19
9041400825	central nervous system	brain and spinal cord	20
9041400826	spinal cord	nervous tissue within the spinal cavity	21
9041400827	spinal cord reflexes	Simple autonomic responses to stimuli	22
9041400828	Pain reflexes	Simple autonomic responses to stimuli	23
9041400829	relfexes	involuntary movements that are elicited by environmental stimuli	24
9041400830	peripheral nervous system	the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body (Somatic & Autonomic)	25
9041400831	somatic nervous system	Division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal muscles.	26
9041400832	autonomic nervous system	The part of the PNS that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs.( sympathetic & parasympathetic)	27
9041400833	sympathetic nervous system	fight or flight	28
9041400834	parasympathetic nervous system	rest and digest	29
9041400835	Agonists	drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter	30
9041400836	Antagonists	drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter	31
9041400837	reuptake inhibitors	block reuptake	32
9041400838	Brain	The mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system	33
9041400839	Accidents	Phineas Gage-> personality change	34
9041400840	Lesions	Tissue destruction	35
9041400841	EEG (electroencephalogram)	records brain waves	36
9041400842	CAT scan	a method of creating static images of the brain through computerized axial tomography	37
9041400843	MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)	is a brain imaging technique that detects magnetic changes in the brain's blood flow patterns.	38
9041400844	PET scan	method of brain imaging using positron emissions	39
9041400845	fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)	technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans	40
9041400846	glial cells	cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons	41
9041400847	Hindbrain	the lower part of the brainstem, comprising the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Controls basic biological functions	42
9041400848	medulla oblongata	the posterior part of the brain that controls the rate of breathing and other autonomic functions	43
9041400849	Pons	Controls breathing	44
9041400850	Cerebellum	Balance and coordination	45
9041400851	Midbrain	Region between the hindbrain and the forebrain; it is important for hearing and sight.	46
9041400852	Forebrain	largest part of brain that controls what we think of as thoughts and reasons	47
9041400853	Thalamus	Relay station for sensory information	48
9041400854	limbic system	emotion and memory. Hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, pituitary glands	49
9041400855	Hypothalamus	limbic system component that regulates hunger, body temperature and other functions	50
9041400856	Hippocampus	Long term memory	51
9041400857	Amygdala	A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression.	52
9041400858	cerebral cortex	outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain	53
9041400859	fissure	an opening; a groove; a split of the brain	54
9041400860	parietal lobe	receives sensory input for touch and body position	55
9041400861	frontal lobe	associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving	56
9041400862	occipital lobe	visual processing	57
9041400863	temporal lobe	auditory	58
9041400864	Broca's aphasia	inability to produce speech	59
9041400865	Broca's area	speech production	60
9041882778	Left lobe	Contralateral controls language and logic	61
9041882779	Right lobe	Controls spatial and creativity	62
9041882780	corpus callosum	large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them	63
9041882781	split brain	a condition in which the two brain hemispheres are isolated by cutting the corpus callosum	64
9041882782	Sperry and Gazzaniga	did split-brain studies	65
9041882783	brain plasticity	The capacity for the brain to alter its structure and function.	66
9041882784	endocrine system	Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones.	67
9041882785	Hormones	Chemical messengers	68
9041882786	adrenal glands	glands that help the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies	69
9041882787	pituitary gland	master gland. Regulates growth	70
9041882788	Genetics	The scientific study of heredity. 46 chromosomes 23 pairs	71
9041882789	Twins	Same zygote	72
9041882790	Down Syndrome	22st-> X	73
9041882791	Klinefelter syndrome	XXY	74
9041882792	Turner Syndrome	X	75