Chapter 12 AP world history Flashcards

5952941643	gunpowder	an explosive created by the Chinese; first used for fireworks; later weaponized by the Arabs	0
5952951518	Li Yuan	the duke of Tang; (566-635) minister for Yangdi; took over empire after the asassination of Yangdi; first emperor of the Tang Dyansty	1
5952991849	Chan Buddhism	known as Zen in Japan; stressed mediation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society	2
5953026795	Yang Guifei	"hoochi mama" royal concubine during the reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration; led to a revolt	3
5953045363	Zhu Xi	most prominent of Neo-Confucian scholars during the Song Dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action	4
5953080468	Xi Xia	kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom in mid 11th century; collected tribute that drained song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry	5
5953098739	junks	Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, ruddders, compasses, bamboo fenders; dominent force in Asian seas east of the Malayn peninsula	6
5953123681	Hangzhou	capitol of later Song Dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million	7
5953151792	Wendi	member of prominent northern Chinese family during period of 6 Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor and established Tang Dynasty; supported by nomadic peoples	8
5953196056	ministry of rites	administrated exams to students from Chinese government schools or recommended by distinguished scholars	9
5953206627	pure land buddhism	emphasized Salvationists aspects of Chinese buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society	10
5953232874	Xuanzong	leading Chinese emperor of the Tang Dynasty who encouraged over expansion	11
5953262677	Wang Anshi	Confucian scholar and chief minister of a song emperor in 1070s;introduced sweeping reforms based on legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society	12
5953288766	Liao	(Dynasty)- founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan people from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty	13
5953314522	flying money	Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery	14
5953325422	footbinding	practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; much pain, restricted women's movement and from leaving the house	15
5953348231	Yangdi	second member of Sui Dynasty; murdered his father to receive the throne restored Confucian examination system	16
5953370510	Jinshi	title granted to students who passed the most difficult exam on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignities and eligible for high office	17
5953686859	Wuzong	Chinese emperor of Tang Dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s and reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in of Confucian idealology	18
5953749617	Zhao Kuangyin	founder of Song Dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of emperor Taizu, failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent	19
5953796569	Jurchens	founders of gin (jin) kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China annexed most of the yellow river basin and forced the Song to flee to the south	20
5953852764	Southern Song Dynasty	rump state of the song dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out much larger domains of the Tang and northern song	21
5953866899	Changan	city of the wei valley in eastern China; became the capitol of the Zhou kingdom and the Qin and early Han empires	22
5953878019	Li Bo	famous Chinese poet	23
5953887936	Sui Dynasty	Wendi & Yangdi	24
5953890550	Tang Dynasty	Li Yuan, Empress Wu, Wuzong, Xuanzong	25
5953897238	Song Dynasty	Taizu & Wang Anshi, Zhou Kuangyin	26
5953911867	Sui	emperor of this dynasty favored scholar gentry	27
5953925859	Who founded the Sui Dynasty?	Wendi	28
5953929223	Founded the Tang Dynasty	Li Yuan	29
5953945875	The period of political disorder and chaotic warfare that followed the Qin-Han era is referred to as the?	Era of Division/ 6 dynasties	30
5953960440	Who ruled much of China during this period, and what religion eclipsed Confucian teaching?	nomadic warriors; Buddhism	31
5953971440	The dynasty that ended the period of political chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han was the?	Sui and Tang	32
5953981908	Despite problems during the Han dynasty, what still protected them from invaders?	great wall, mountains	33
5953989629	What made possible the rapid revival of empire under the Tang?	spread of religion	34
5954000389	What made the reunification of China under the first Sui emperor possible?	conquered the Chen and got military support of military leader	35
5954008074	What was the primary reform enacted during the reign of the first Sui Emperor?	eliminated scholar gentry, lowered taxes, grainaries- provided larger and cheaper food supply	36
5954055592	Unlike his father, the second Sui emperor favored what group?	scholared gentry- Yangdi	37
5954067260	What led to the downfall of the Sui dynasty?	military conquest with Korea and Turks and his assination	38
5954071719	What were the accomplishments of the Tang Dynasty?	expanded borders, expanded canal system, repair the great wall	39
5954106306	What was the attitude of the Tang emperors towards the Confucian scholar- gentry? Who did this hurt?	they liked it; hurt aristocrats	40
5954116567	What ministry of the central imperial government was responsible for the administration of the exam system?	ministry of rites	41
5954125491	Although the exam system still existed, how did some still get high office?	marry into it or born into it	42
5954185934	Members of the elite class of China were more attracted to what variant of Buddhism?	Chan/Zen	43
5954192557	Explain the teachings of Pure Land Buddhism	mayahana-salvationalists	44
5954205657	What Tang ruler actually attempted to have Buddhism recognized as a state religion?	Empress Wu	45
5954216540	What proved to be the most damaging attack on Buddhism's popularity with the people during early Tang?	it was an economic threat because they didn't have to pay taxes	46
5954230307	In what decade did open persecution of Buddhism within the Chinese empire begin?	840s	47
5954245098	What was the result of the imperial attempt to suppress Buddhism within the Chinese empire?	burns monasteries, persecutes Buddhists	48
5954325025	What was the impact on Confucianism of the Tang repression of the buddhists?	it gets renewed and is the central school of thought	49
5954341998	Who was the woman who gained influence and power during the later years of the Tang dynasty?	Yang Guiffei	50
5954354747	What were the problems during the last years of the tang dynasty?	all of the rival 'cliques' and social unrest because of yang Guiffei's influence	51
5954596971	Who was the founder of the Song ?	Taizu	52
5954605514	The first song emperor restored the unity of china EXCEPT for what northern dynasty?	Liao	53
5954655674	how did the song empire compare to the tang in size and power?	smaller and weaker	54
5954437229	During the Song Dynasty, the interest of Confucian intellectuals in nature was most apparent in their production of?	landscape paintings	55
5954441874	The outstanding poet of the Tang era was?	Li Bo	56
5954454190	what artisan was responsible for the development of movable type?	Bisheng	57
5954457664	status of women in tang-song era	male dominance	58
5954466975	what was the primary difference between marraiges of the upper and lower class in the tang-song era?	upper class- lived with extended family to prove they lived in a bigger house, lower class did not	59
5954480403	Which intellectual school was responsible for the production of most literary/artistic works during the tang-song era?	Neo-Confucianism	60
5954477429	what group was responsible for the fall of the southern song in 1279?	mongols	61
5954497184	What were the technological advances of the tang-song era?	explosives, movable type, abacus, compus, junks, gun powder, coal for fuel, suspension bridge	62
5954504455	Purpose of foot binding?	confinement of women	63
5954704101	what accounts for the relative weakness of the song?	aristocrats ran the military; not strong military	64
5954711730	describe the position of the scholar-gentry under the song dynasty	so much power	65
5954714953	who was the most prominent of the neo-confucians of the song era?	Zhu Xi	66
5954720034	how did the destruction of the mandarins impact the development of neo-confucianism	it had no effects	67
5954729699	wang anshi, a prime minister, in the 1070s and 1080s attempted to reform song government on the basis of what confucian school of thought?	legalism	68
5954771692	Reforms introduced by wang Anshi in the face of conservative power?	canal system, taxing scholars, agriculture, reorganized higher educations, trained mercenaries	69
5954778783	what caused the flight of the song dynasty from their capitol in northern china?	gerkins invasion	70
5954782689	why was the construction of the grand canal necessary?	feed people; connect north and south to yatzee river	71
5954787587	describe economic development during the tang and song dynasties	trade by sea, (junks) banking system, reopened silk road, cities had new markets	72
5954750391	what were the results of the agriculture policies of the sui and tang emperprs	free peasants and farmers increased, lands distributed, decline in aristocratic wealth	73
5954759011	Capitol of southern song dynasty?	Hangzhou	74
5954762282	describe growth of cities in tang-song era	rapid	75