APES Chapter 4 Flashcards
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| 5264950009 | Species Richness | The number of species in a given area |  | 0 |
| 5264950010 | Species Eveness | The relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given region |  | 1 |
| 5264950012 | Roughly ten million | How many species are there estimated to be today? | 2 | |
| 5264950013 | Evolution | A change in the genetic composition of a population over time. | 3 | |
| 5264950014 | Microevolution | Evolution between the species level | 4 | |
| 5264950015 | Macroevolution | Evolution that gives the rise to new species, genera, families, classes, or phyla | 5 | |
| 5264950016 | Gene | A physical location on the chromosomes within each cell of an organism. | 6 | |
| 5264950019 | Mutation | A random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process. | 7 | |
| 5264950021 | Evolution by artificial selection | The process in which humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind | 8 | |
| 5264950022 | Evolution by natural selection | The process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce. | 9 | |
| 5264950023 | Fitness | An individual's ablility to survive and reproduce | 10 | |
| 5264950024 | Adaptation | A trait that improves an individual's fitness | 11 | |
| 5264950025 | Gene flow | The process by which individuals move from one population to another and thereby alter the genetic composition of both populations. | 12 | |
| 5264950028 | Extinction | The death of the last member of a species |  | 13 |
| 5264950030 | Geographic isolation | Physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species | 14 | |
| 5264950031 | Allopatric isolation | The process of speciation that occurs in geographic isolation | 15 | |
| 5264950032 | Reproductive isolation | The result of two populations within a species evolving separately to the point that they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring | 16 | |
| 5264950033 | Sympatric speciation | The evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation | 17 | |
| 5264950035 | Range of tolerance | The limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate | 18 | |
| 5264950036 | Fundamental niche | The suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce | 19 | |
| 5264950037 | Realized niche | The range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives | 20 | |
| 5264950039 | Niche generalist | A species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions. |  | 21 |
| 5264950040 | Niche specialist | A species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species |  | 22 |
| 5264950041 | Mass Extinction | A large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time |  | 23 |
| 7770147015 | Endemic | a species found only in one area | 24 | |
| 7770152707 | Indicator species | provides early warning of damage to an ecosystem | 25 | |
| 7770159974 | Keystone species | Plays an important role in influencing the type and abundance of other species in an ecosystem | 26 | |
| 7770171108 | Foundation species | has the ability to greatly modify or "create" habitat in an ecosystem | 27 | |
| 7770176914 | nonnative species | did not co-evolve with other species in the ecosystem. | 28 | |
| 7770208272 | differential reproduction | individuals better suited to an environment will be more successful in having offspring | 29 |