Reformation AP World History Flashcards
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| 5912984515 | causes of the reformation | -church corruption (indulgences) -simony (buying and selling of church positions) -Renaissance (humanism encouraged people to think for themselves) -greed of secular leaders -printing press -church became to powerful | 0 | |
| 5913007577 | who were early reformers? | John Wycliffe (England) and John Huss (Bohemia) | 1 | |
| 5913017702 | who was Martin Luther? | a reformer that believed that faith alone could lead to salvation, instead of faith and good works, wrote the 95 theses | 2 | |
| 5913026886 | what church did Martin Luther start? | the Lutheran church | 3 | |
| 5913037115 | which country is the home of the reformation? | germany | 4 | |
| 5913044224 | peasant revolt in 1525 | condemned by Luther, grew into a civil war in the holy Roman Empire that would last until 1555 | 5 | |
| 5913057046 | what was the Peace of Augsburg? | a new rule saying that each German ruler could decide for his state what faith would be followed | 6 | |
| 5913067120 | northern Germany was mainly... | protestant | 7 | |
| 5913069659 | southern Germany was mainly... | catholic | 8 | |
| 5913073442 | Roman Catholic Church believed... | -faith and good works are needed for salvation -the pope is infallible, has final authority | 9 | |
| 5913090967 | Luther believed... | -clergy can marry -faith alone could lead to salvation -no hierarchy in the church -vernacular languages for the Bible (translated from latin to German) | 10 | |
| 5913116098 | John Calvin/ Calvinism believed... | agreed with Luther on justification by faith but believed that salvation is predestined, from Switzerland, followers= prebysterians (in Scotland) Huguenots (in France) | 11 | |
| 5913137006 | Anabaptists believed... | -adult baptism -persecuted by both protestants and catholics -avoided sinful would and lived in small communities | 12 | |
| 5913160436 | Anglicanism/Church of England believed... | -an act of supremacy declared the King of England and the leader of the church -king Henry the eighth founded it after his divorce | 13 | |
| 5913184789 | Elizabeth the I | -Church of England -Renaissance reaches its height -1st attempted colony -defeated Phillip the II's Spanish Armada in 1588 | 14 | |
| 5913207373 | peasant revolt 1525= | Peace of Augsburg- German states decided religion | 15 | |
| 5913213328 | French wars of religion= | edict of Nantes- allowed for religious tolerance | 16 | |
| 5913225419 | thirty years war= | peace of Westphalia | 17 | |
| 5913234575 | during the catholic reformation what did the council of Trent reform? | they abolished indulgences and educated priests, everything else was reaffirmed | 18 | |
| 5913247488 | what was the society of Jesus? | -formed by Ignatius of Loyola -jesuits -they were missionaries who spread the "new" Catholicism | 19 | |
| 5913265721 | Francis Xavier and Matteo Ricci | francis= mallacca, moluccas, and Japan ricci= china | 20 | |
| 5913279501 | what was the cause of the 30 years war? | HRE (hapsburgs) wanted subjects to return to catholicism; much of Europe involved | 21 | |
| 5913291585 | what was the effect of the 30 years war? | Peace of Westphalia: weakens the HRE, German states become independent (Prussia), Switzerland becomes independent, conflict becomes political and economic NOT religious | 22 | |
| 5913312765 | what is absolutism? | a king or a queen who held all the power with their state's boundaries, their goal was to control every aspect of society: economic, religious, and political | 23 | |
| 5913328006 | what is divine right? | the idea that God created the monarchy and the monarch acted as God's representative on earth, answered only to God to to his/her subjects | 24 | |
| 5913348222 | absolutism in france | - Henry IV founds bourbon dynasty on absolutist values -issues with the edict of Nantes: protestants may worship in fancy without persecution | 25 | |
| 5913366073 | Louis XIV | -continues the use of intendants -revokes the edict of Nantes -effectively ends feudalism in France - "L'état c'est moi" the state is I -built the palace of Versallies, made nobles live there to restrict their power, versallies was a theater state | 26 | |
| 5913403210 | who did Louis appoint as his finance minister? | Jean Baptist Corbert, a mecantilist | 27 | |
| 5913421864 | what did Ivan III of Russia do? | -conquerred territory around Moscow -liberated Russia from mongol rule -centralized Russian government | 28 | |
| 5913432778 | Ivan the terrible | -power in 1553 -spent his childhood fighting off enemies -bad period began after his wife died -created a police force to kill anyone he chose -killed his eldest son in an argument -he died then weak son came into power..he died -period of turmoil, boyars fight for power | 29 | |
| 5913439025 | who were the boyars? | the Russian nobility | 30 | |
| 5913466221 | micheal romanov | came into power after Ivan the terrible son in 1613, began the Romanov dynasty | 31 | |
| 5913477012 | Russia was... | -much different from Western Europe -serfdom lasted until mid 1800's -russia had come into little contact with Europe -Russians were orthodox christians | 32 | |
| 5913496469 | Peter the Great | -an absolute monarch from Russia -main goal was to westernize russia -modernized army and moved capital to St. Petersburg | 33 | |
| 5913522965 | who becomes king of England after Elizabeth I dies? | James I, cousin and formally the king of Scotland | 34 | |
| 5913530261 | James I | -was an absolute monarch -threatened the Puritans | 35 | |
| 5913538789 | who were the Puritans? | anti-catholic people who wanted to get rid of the catholic elements | 36 | |
| 5913546062 | Charles I | -James I son -also an absolutist -his policies led to the Great Migration of Puritans -outbreak of the English civil war | 37 | |
| 5913561936 | English civil war 1642-1648 | - cavaliers: pro-crown nobles, and landlords loyal to Charles I -roundheads: supporters of the Parliament who are led by Oliver Cromwell, roundheads win | 38 | |
| 5913577462 | when do the cavaliers surrender? | 1646, Charles I is beheaded and parliament takes control, abolished the monarchy, declared as a republic but functions as a military dictatorship under Cromwell | 39 | |
| 5913592193 | Charles II | -had run away after the execution of his father -was invited back by Parliament to rule (1660) -under Charles II= merry monarch -powers were limited by constitution | 40 | |
| 5913612758 | James II | -Charles II brother -absolutist, did not acknowledge parliament -england wanted his daughter Mary (protestant) and William to come rule England -James II flees | 41 | |
| 5913627844 | William and Mary | -take the throne of England after James II -no bloodshed= the Glorious Revolution | 42 |