BIOSC107 Cells and Tissue Flashcards

9246774508	Chemical	building blocks of the body	0
9246776607	Cellular	Basic structure and functional units of the body	1
9246777585	Tissue	Groups of cells that work together to perform a particular function	2
9246781205	Organ	Structures with specific functions composed of two or more types of tissue	3
9246782998	System	Related organs with a common function	4
9246785693	Organismal	All the parts of the body function together to consist a living organism	5
9246792360	Integumentary System	Protective function e.g: -skin (epidermis and dermis) -hair follicles -fingers and nails -mammery glands	6
9246801479	Muscular System	Movement Produce heat Protect soft tissue Support e.g -Skeletal muscles (axial - movement and appendicular - movement) -tendons and aponeuroses	7
9246814441	Skeletal System	Support and Protection Bone marrow produces blood cells e.g -Bones, cartilage, joints (axial - protects brain and spinal cord and appendicular - internal support) -Bone marrow (red - red blood cell production and yellow - stores fat cells)	8
9246824302	Nervous System	Produces nerve impulses to regulate body activities e.g -Central nervous system (optical nerve, brain functions, spinal cord) -voluntary and involuntary -Peripheral nervous system	9
9246835951	Endocrine System	Releases hormones to regulate body activities e.g -Pineal gland (brain) -Pituitary gland (brain) -Thyroid gland (neck) -Parathyroid gland (neck) -Thymus (neck) -Adrenal gland -Kidneys -Pancreas -Gonads growth hormone => pituitary gland => liver => insulin => acromegaly (GH @ adulthood) or Gigantism (GH @ childhood)	10
9246858725	Lymphatic and Immune System	Defence Transport of lipids, proteins and lymphoid cells e.g -Lymphatic vessels (carry lymph fluid -recycles) -Lymph Nodes (stimulate immune responce) -Spleen (recycle red blood cells) -Thymus (T Cell lymphocytes)	11
9246871134	Cardiovascular System	Transport of O2 and CO2 Regulation of water content and temperature e.g -Heart (propels blood) -Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) -Blood (immune, acid base balance, transports O2 and CO2 and nutrients, temperature regulation)	12
9246884927	Respiratory System	Transfer O2 and CO2 between blood and air e.g -Nasal cavity -Pharynx -Larynx -Trachea -Bronchi -Lungs (gas exchange, acid base balance)	13
9246890297	Digestive System	Digestion of food Absorption of nutrients Elimination of wastes e.g -Oral cavity -Salivary glands -pharynx -oesophagus -stomach -small intestine (digestive enzymes) -liver -gall bladder -pancreas (digestive enzymes) -large intestine	14
9246904510	Urinary System	Urine production Storage and elimination Regulation of blood volume Assist in production of blood cells e.g -Kidneys (form and concentrate urine) -Bladder (storage) -Uretha	15
9246913076	Reproductive System	Production of sperm or oocytes (gametes) Hormones regulate a number of processes e.g -Testes -accessory glands -external genitalia -ovaries -mammery glands -uterus -uterine tubes -vagina	16
9246919486	Epithelia Tissue	Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, tubes, cavities, and ducts. Forms glands Protection Filtration secretion absorption excretion	17
9246926382	Connective Tissue	Cells in a matrix of fibre and ground substances (includes bone and blood) Protects and supports the body and its organs Binds organs together and stores energy as fat Provides the major transport system of the body.	18
9246933274	Muscle Tissue	Contractile cells (muscle fibres) Generates physical force required to make body structures move	19
9246936241	Nervous Tissue	Conducting nerve cells and supportive neuroglia Detects change inside and outside the body and responds by generating never impulses.	20
9246945919	Tight Junctions	electrically tight content of claudins and occludin individual sealing strand keep cell polarity adjacent plasma membrane intercellular space strands of transmembrane protein	21
9246957468	Adhesion Belt	Catenins links actin to catherine adjacent plasma membrane intercellular space microfilament plaque transmembrane glycoprotein	22
9246964075	Gap junctions	6 connexin = connexon or hemichanel 2 hemichanel = gap junction adjacent plasma membrane intercellular space gap between cells	23
9246970611	Desmosomes	Cadherin links to keratin binds muscle cells ( keratin anchoring, cadherin linking) adjacent plasma membrane intercellular space plaque transmembrane glycoproteins intermediate filament	24
9246978885	Basal junction	Hemidesmosome: integrin binds laminin to keratin plaque intermediate filament plasma membrane	25
9247051365	Simple Squamous cells	Endothelium lining blood vessels mesothelium lines cavity (lungs, heart, intestine) most delicate where there is filtration, diffusion, secretion simple = single layer squamous = flat and thin (diffusion)	26
9247067394	Simple Cuboidal cells	Lines kidney tubules and ducts of glands and pancreas where there is secretion and absorption cuboidal or hexagonal distance between adjacent nuclei is approx height of epithelium simple = single layer cuboidal = about as tall as they are wide (secretion and absorption)	27
9247079209	Simple columnar cell	Lines gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to the anus (non-ciliated) Parts of the upper respiratory tract (ciliated) non ciliated -single layer -microvilli on apical surface (non motile, increases surface area for absorption) -goblet cell Ciliated -single layer goblet cell simple = single layer columnar = more tall than wide (secretion and absorption)	28
9247098617	Stratified squamous cell	Skin epithelium (keratinised) lining of mouth and oesophagus (non-keratinised) where mechanical or chemical stresses are severe protect against microbes apical cells can be packed with keratin => water proof + tough stratified = two or more layers squamous = flat and thin (diffusion)	29
9247110277	Stratified cuboidal cells	Part of urethra, some large gland's ducts. part of conductive of the eye protection and limited secretion and absorption appear to only have a few layers only apical layer is cuboidal stratified = two or more layers cuboidal = about as tall as they are wide (secretion and absorption)	30
9247125071	Stratified columnar cells	Ducts of adult sweat glands, oesophageal glands protection and secretion basal layers short and irregular only apical layer has columnar stratified = two or more layers columnar = more tall than wide (secretion and absorption)	31
9247133737	Stratified transitional	Bladder variable appearance (tissue state of stretch) relaxed = rounded scallop shape stretched = outer layer => flat squamous like	32
9247146298	Pseudo-stratified columnar	lines airways of most of the upper respiratory tract ciliated = goblet cells (secrete mucus and move it) non-ciliated = has no goblet cells (absorption and protection) pseudo stratified = appears to have multiple layers as judged by position of nuclei, but all cells are in contact with the basement membrane and not all reach the apical layer columnar = more tall than wide (secretion and absorption)	33
9247160437	Endocrine gland	secret directly into blood usually via traversing interstitial fluid e.g pituitary gland, thyroid, pineal	34
9247164462	Exocrine gland	secrete in glands that empty onto the surface of a covering or lining epithelium e.g sweat and saliva glands, oil gland, pancreas	35