Cell Division Study Guide Flashcards

9243388641	Mitosis	Cell division used for growth, maintenance, repair, and asexual reproduction	0
9243388642	Meiosis	Cell division that produces gametes (sex cells)	1
9243388643	chromosomes	thick dense bodies of DNA found in the nucleus during cell division	2
9243388644	DNA	Large organic molecule known as the blue print of heredity	3
9243388645	centromere	after replication chromosomes appear double stranded held together by this	4
9243388646	diffusion and osmosis	How cells get water and nutrients	5
9243388647	low surface area to volume ratio	A trigger for cell division	6
9243388648	protein synthesis and DNA replication	Events that occurs during interphase	7
9243388649	prophase	Phase of mitosis that the nucleus and nucleolus disintegrate	8
9243388650	somatic	normal body cells that play no role in sexual reproduction	9
9243388651	germ	cells that produce gametes	10
9243388652	replicate	what the DNA must do before a cell can divide so each new daughter cell has the exact DNA	11
9243388653	sister chromatids	what #15 is referring to	12
9243388654	centromere	What #16 is referring to	13
9243388655	meiosis	type of cell division that results in 4 different daughter cells	14
9243388656	centrioles	during prophase, fibers extend from this and connect to the centromere	15
9243388657	cytokinesis	actual physical spitting of a cell into new daughter cells	16
9243388658	Prophase	which phase of cell division	17
9243388659	Anaphase	which phase of cell division	18
9243388660	cytokinesis	which phase of cell division	19
9243388661	Metaphase	which phase of cell division	20
9243388662	Telophase	which phase of cell division	21
9243422888	Chromatin	the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.	22
9243427266	Gametes	a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.	23
9243432278	Spindle Fibers	forms a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell	24
9243438407	Somatic Cells	any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.	25
9243443051	Sexual Reproduction	the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete that travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female).	26
9243450281	Asexual Reproduction	is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.	27
9243452535	Zygote	a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.	28
9243456208	Diploid	containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent	29
9243464830	Haploid	having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.	30
9243469156	Diffusion	movement of nutrients/waste	31
9243474470	Osmosis	Movement of water	32
9243479090	Surface Area to Volume Ratio	Good size: large surface area to volume ratio (no need to divide yet) Bas size: small surface area to volume ratio (Too big = need to divide)	33
9243493667	Protein Synthesis	is process by which the genetic code puts together proteins in the cell.	34
9243505935	DNA replication	is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.	35
9243515314	Karyotype	the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.	36
9243525623	Interphase	the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.	37
9243533614	Metaphase	the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.	38
9243541102	Anaphase	the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.	39
9243543197	Telophase	the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.	40
9243551292	Cytokinesis	the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.	41
9243556428	All cells come from	preexisting cells	42
9243560875	Cells divide for these reasons	Growth, maintenance, repair, and reproduction	43
9243563277	One parent	Asexual reproduction	44
9243567466	DNA is stored in the	Nucleus	45
9243567467	Chromatin	threadlike DNA	46
9243569527	Chromosomes	Thick/condensed DNA	47
9243578366	Before cell division, the DNA must	replicate	48
9243584111	Replicated chromosomes consist of two identical halves called ____ joined by a central region called the	Sister Chromatids, Centromere	49
9243589654	2 types of cell division	Mitosis and Meiosis	50
9243596864	Occurs in somatic cells	Mitosis	51
9243597985	Steps of Mitosis	Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis	52
9243621738	2 sets of DNA	somatic cells	53
9243625234	1 set of DNA	Sex cells	54
9243626842	produces diploid cells	Mitosis	55
9243628732	produces haploid cells	meiosis	56
9243653188	sperm and eggs, one cells results in 4 daughter cells	meiosis	57
9243659412	Steps of Meiosis	Meiosis 1: Prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1 (two daughter cells) Meiosis 2: Prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2. (4 daughter cells)	58
9243675266	1/2 the normal number of chromosomes, forms a zygote	human sperm and egg	59
9243686475	production of gametes	gametogenesis	60