unit 6 cell division Flashcards

9226771053	chromosomes & chromatin	both DNA both in the nucleus	0
9226778487	most animals and plants chromosomes occur in _______	pairs	1
9226781194	homologous chromosomes	paired chromosomes	2
9226785483	humans 46 chromosomes or...	22 pairs= autosomes and 1 pair= sex chromosomes	3
9226795329	chromosomes are in pairs because	one copy from mom and one from dad	4
9226798401	sex chromosomes	23rd pair of chromosomes, determines whether you are male/female	5
9226805333	female produce eggs with	X	6
9226807673	males produce sperm with	X or Y	7
9226809140	XX=	female	8
9226810920	XY=	male	9
9226815465	who determines sex of child	male because female can only give the X chromosome	10
9226816966	body cells	(somatic cells) made through mitosis	11
9226819964	diploid	cells in which the chromosomes occur in pairs (2n) "double" ex) skin, liver,heart cells	12
9226828639	sex cells are called	gametes (egg and sperm) made through meiosis	13
9226833797	haploid	cells that contain only 1 chromosome from each pair (n)	14
9227327693	zygote	formed when egg and sperm unite	15
9227341617	meiosis reduces what	genetic content	16
9227348899	meiosis is the division of sex cells with 4 haploid/gametes because	it has 2 divisions called meiosis 1 and meiosis 2	17
9227357246	meiosis 1 interphase	DNA replicates	18
9227363296	meiosis 1 prophase	homologous chromosomes join to form tetrads	19
9227375192	crossing over (meiosis) DNA is swapped between chromosomes ins a ____ this is important because....	pair, important because it provides genetic variation	20
9227416881	meiosis 2-	occurs just like the stages of meiosis but no DNA replication	21
9227430294	anaphase 1	homologous chromosomes separate	22
9227433070	anaphase 2	sister chromatids separate	23
9227444404	mitosis v meiosis (mitosis info)	occurs in most body (somatic) cells (asexual reproduction), 1 division, forms 2 daughter cells (haploid), identical to parent	24
9227455330	meiosis v mitosis (meiosis info)	occurs only in sex cells (sexual reproduction), 2 divisions, forms 4 daughter cells (haploid) and is different from parent	25
9227465524	spermatogenesis	4 sperm cells	26
9227468889	oogenesis	yields 1 egg cell, 2-3 polar bodies ( condensed area of nuclear material), conserves cytoplasm for egg	27
9227491075	stage of mitosis that DNA replicates	interphase (S)	28
9227495558	chromosomes appear as a jumbled mess like spaghetti	interphase	29
9227497629	cytokinesis	splitting of cytoplasm	30
9227500459	cytokinesis occurs at the end of this phase	telophase	31
9227503110	cell grows and carries out normal cell activities	interphase (G1)	32
9227506234	chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell	metaphase	33
9227510881	2 distinct daughter cells are formed	telophase	34
9227517273	sister chromatids move apart towards opposite ends of the cell	anaphase	35
9227519112	nuclear membrane breaks down	prophase	36
9229660958	Chromosomes become visible	Prophase	37
9229660959	Spindle fibers disappear and nucleus reappears	Telophase	38
9229660960	shortest phase of mitosis	anaphase	39
9229660961	Longest phase of mitosis	Prophase	40
9229660962	Longest phase of cell division	Interphase	41
9229660963	Interphase image		42
9241752210	prophase image		43
9241755090	metaphase image		44
9241758176	draw anaphase		45
9241759752	telophase image		46
9241763902	cell cycle	sequence of growth and division of a cell	47
9241770312	to make an exact copy of DNA	replicate	48
9241773251	chromosomes are found here	nucleus	49
9241777665	cell divisions resulting in 2 cells identical to the parent cell	mitosis	50
9241782736	how DNA is packaged inside a cell (2 ways)	chromosomes (chromatin)	51
9241792206	4 reasons cells don't grow to be very large	1) the DNA needs to meet the cells needs 2)repair and replacement if cell and cep growth 3)SA and V ratio needs to be even 4)diffusion needs to meet the cells needs	52
9241808837	as a cell grows its ____ increases faster than its ______	surface area, volume	53
9241817001	if the sides of a cell doubles its SA increases ______ times and its volume increases ________ times	4, 8	54
9241848384	cell cycle is controlled by	proteins and enzymes	55
9241853734	uncontrolled cell division is caused by (3 reasons)	1) failure to produce enzymes 2)overproduction of enzymes 3) production of enzymes at the wrong time	56
9241873317	normal cells v cancer cells	normal cells exhibit "contacts inhibition" and stop dividing when they touch each other, cancer cells pile up on top of each other	57
9241883911	tumor	masses of tissues caused by cancer, they deprive normal cells of nutrients	58
9241891563	metastasis	cancer cells enter the blood stream and spread through out the body to other organs	59
9241904351	the 2 types of causes of cancer	environmental factors and genetic factors	60
9241908987	environmental causes of cancer (4 causes)	cigarette smoke, air and water pollution, UV radiation, viral infections	61
9241917021	cancer can be prevented with	a healthy diet with high in fiber and low in fat with vitamins and minerals, exercise, avoiding bad decisions such as tobacco	62
9241977139	UV radiation	the radiation photons harm the DNA molecules of living organisms. commonly, adjacent bases bond with each other instead of across the "ladder" which makes a budge and the distorted DNA molecule does not function properly	63