AP World History Part 4-6 Key Terms Flashcards
All the terms and definitions for parts 4-6.
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6879696561 | Devshirme | The tribute of boy children that the Ottoman Turks levied from their Christian subjects in the Balkans | 0 | |
6879700796 | Columbian Exchange | The massive transatlantic interaction and exchange between the Americas and Afro Eurasia | 1 | |
6879705792 | Creoles | Spaniards born in the Americas | 2 | |
6879711646 | Fixed Winds | The prevailing winds of the atlantic, which blow steadily in the same direction | 3 | |
6879737087 | The "Great Dying" | Term used to describe the devastating demographic impact of European epidemic diseases in America | 4 | |
6879743296 | Jizya | Special tax delivered on non-muslims in Islamic states | 5 | |
6879750076 | Mercantilism | An economic history that argues that governments best serve their states economic interests by encouraging exports | 6 | |
6879760290 | Mestizo | Literally "mixed", a term used to describe the mixed race population of spanish colonial societies in the Americas | 7 | |
6879774390 | Mulattoes | Term commonly used for people of mixed African and European blood | 8 | |
6879777751 | British/ Dutch East India Companies | Private trading companies chartered by the governments of England and the Netherlands around 1600; they were given monopolies on Indian Ocean trade, including the right to make war and rule conquered peoples | 9 | |
6879784437 | African Diaspora | Name given to the spread of African peoples across the Atlantic via the slave trade | 10 | |
6879789023 | Middle Passage | Name commonly given to the journey across the Atlantic undertaken by African slaves being shipped to the Americas | 11 | |
6879794408 | Piece of Eight | Standard Spanish coins that became a medium of exchange in North America, Europe, India, Russia, and West Africa as well as in the Spanish Empire | 12 | |
6879803235 | Potosi | City that developed high in the Andes at the site of the worlds largest silver mine and that became the largest city in Americas | 13 | |
6879808900 | Samurai | The warrior elite of Medieval Japan | 14 | |
6879811000 | Shogun | In Japan, a supreme military commander | 15 | |
6879812743 | "Silver Drain" | Term often used along with "specie drain", to describe the siphoning of money from Europe to pay luxury goods in the east | 16 | |
6879826817 | Huguenots | The protestant minority in France | 17 | |
6879828080 | Catholic Counter Reformation | An internal reform of the Catholic church in the 16th century | 18 | |
6879833528 | Condorcet and the Idea of Progress | The Marquis de condorcet was a french philosopher and political scientists and argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near infinite improbability | 19 | |
6879846204 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish mathematician and astronomer first to argue about cosmos | 20 | |
6879850288 | Council of Trent | The main instrument of the Catholic counter reformation at which the catholic church clarified doctrine and corrected abuses | 21 | |
6879857746 | Charles Darwin | Highly influential English biologist whose theory of political selection seen as a threat to religious faith | 22 | |
6879862018 | Deism | Belief in a divine being who created the cosmos but who does not influence directly in human affairs | 23 | |
6879868100 | Edict of Nantes | 1598 edict issued by French King Henry II that granted considerable religious toleration to French protestants | 24 | |
6879876192 | European Enlightenment | European intellectual movement of the 18th century that applied lessons of scientific revolution to human affairs | 25 | |
6879881096 | Sigmund Freud | Austrian doctor and the father of Modern Psychoanalysis his theories remain influential today | 26 | |
6879892240 | Galileo Galilei | Italian astronomer who further developed the ideas of Copernicus and whose work eventually suppressed by Catholic church | 27 | |
6879901749 | Martin Luther | German priest and theologian who inaugurated the Protestant Reformation movement in Europe | 28 | |
6879907063 | Karl Marx | German philosopher whose view on human history as a class struggle formed the basis of socialism | 29 | |
6879914062 | Nanak Guru | The founder of Sikhism | 30 | |
6879915852 | Isaac Newton | English natural scientist whose formulation of laws regarded as elimination of the scientific revolution | 31 | |
6879926787 | Ninety Five Theses | List of debating points about the abuses of the church | 32 | |
6879929834 | Protestant Reformation | Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther | 33 | |
6879936473 | Scientific Revolution | Great European intellectual and cultural transformation that was based on the principles of the scientific method | 34 | |
6879941103 | Thirty Years War | Highly destructive war that eventually included most of Europe | 35 | |
6879945559 | Voltaire | Pen name of the French Philosopher Francois Marie Arouet | 36 | |
6879962177 | Blitzkrieg | German term meaning "lightning wars" used to describe Germany's military tactics in WW2 which involved the rapid movement of infantry, tanks and airpower over large areas | 37 | |
6879975224 | European Union | The final step in a series of arrangements to increase cooperation between European states in the wake of WW2 | 38 | |
6879981215 | Fascism | Political ideology marked by its intense nationalism and authoritarianism its name is derived from the fasces that were the symbol of magistrates in ancient rome | 39 | |
6879988409 | Fourteen Points | Plan of U.S president Woodrow Wilson to establish lasting peace at the end of WW1; although Wilson's iviews were popular in Europe, his vision largely failed | 40 | |
6879996354 | Franz Ferdinand Archduke | Heir to the Austrian throne whose assassination by a Serbian nationalist on June 28, 1914 was the spark of WW1 | 41 | |
6880003086 | The Great Depression | Worldwide economic depression that began in 1929 with the New York stock market crash and continued in many areas until the outbreak of World War 2 | 42 | |
6880010660 | The Great War | Name originally given to the First World War (1914-1918) | 43 | |
6880014245 | Adolf Hitler | Leader of German Nazi Party (1889-1945) and Germany's head of state from 1933 until his death | 44 | |
6880033951 | Holocaust | Name commonly used for Nazi genocide of Jews and other "undesirables" in German society; Jews themselves prefer the term shoah which means catastrophe rather than Holocaust | 45 | |
6880035834 | Kristallnacht | Literally "crystal night" name given to the night of November 9, 1938 when Nazi led gangs smashed and looted Jewish shops throughout Germany | 46 | |
6880043860 | League of Nations | International peacekeeping organization created after World War 1, first proposed by U.S president woodrow as part of his 14 points | 47 | |
6880052955 | Manchukuo | Japanese puppet state established in Manchuria in 1931 | 48 | |
6880057619 | Marshall Plan | Huge U.S government initiative to aid the post World War restoration of Europe that was masterminded by U.S secretary of state George Marshall and put into effect in 1947 | 49 | |
6880068120 | Benito Mussolini | Charismatic leader of the Italian Fascist party (1883-1945) who came to power in 1922 | 50 | |
6880072244 | Nanjing Massacre | The Japanese army's systematic killing mutilation and rape of the Chinese civilian population of Nanjing in 1938 | 51 | |
6880094030 | NATO | The North Atlantic Treaty Organization a military and political alliance founded in 1949 that committed the United States to the defense of Europe in the event of Soviet aggression | 52 | |
6880112371 | Nazi Party | Properly known as the National Socialist Democratic Workers party, the Nazi Party was founded in Germany after World War 1 | 53 | |
6880117134 | Total War | War that requires each country involved to mobilize its entire population in the effort to defeat the enemy | 54 | |
6880120408 | Triple Alliance | An alliance consisting of Germany, Austria, and Italy that was one of the two arrival European alliances on the eve of World War 1 | 55 | |
6880126651 | Triple Entente | An alliance consisting of Russia, France, and Britain that was one of the two rival European alliances on eve | 56 | |
6880144068 | United Nations | International peacekeeping organization and forum for international opinion, establish in 1945 | 57 | |
6880147171 | Berlin Wall | Wall constructed by East German Authorities in 1961 to seal off East Berlin from the West, it was breached | 58 | |
6880152115 | Bolsheviks | Russian revolutionary party led by Vladimir Lenin and later renamed the Communist party; the name "Bolsheviks" means "the majority" | 59 | |
6880159232 | Fidel Castro | Revolutionary leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008 who gradually turned to Soviet communism and engendered some of the worst crises of the cold war | 60 | |
6880168920 | Chinese Revolution | Long revolutionary process in the period 1912-1949 that began with the overthrow of the Chinese Imperial System and ended with the triumph of the Communist party under the leadership of Mao- Zedong | 61 | |
6880177271 | Cold War | Political and ideological state of near war between the Western world and the Communist world that lasted from 1946 to 1991 | 62 | |
6880191401 | Cuban Missile Crisis | Major standoff between the U.S and the Soviet Union in 1962 over Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba | 63 | |
6880199974 | Glasnost | Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of "openness" which allowed greater cultural and intellectual freedom and ended most censorship of the media; the result was a burst of awareness of the problems and corruption of the Soviet system | 64 | |
6880236621 | Lenin | Adopted name of Vladimir Lynch Ulyanov (1870-1924) the main leader of Russia's communist revolution and head of the Soviet state from 1917 until his death | 65 | |
6880246908 | Mao Zedong | Chairmans of China's communist party and de facto ruler of China from 1949 until his death in 1979 | 66 | |
6880259359 | Russian Revolution | Massive revolutionary upheaval in 1917 that overthrew the Romanov dynasty in Russia and ended with the seizure of power by communists under the leadership of Lenin | 67 | |
6880284037 | Stalin | Name assumed by Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (1878-1953) leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death | 68 | |
6880300716 | Decolonization | Process in which many African and Asian states won their independence from Western colonial rule, in most cases by negotiated settlement with gradual political reforms and a program of investment rather than through military confusion. | 69 | |
6881163078 | Mohandas K Gandhi | Usually referred to his followers by "Mahatma" was a political leader and the undoubted spiritual leader of the Indian Drive for independence. | 70 | |
6881171494 | Nelson Mandela | South African nationalist and leader of the African National congress who has imprisoned for 27 years on charges of treason. | 71 | |
6881180324 | Satyagraha | Literally "truth force", Mahatma Gandhi's political philosophy which advocated for confrontational but non-violent. | 72 | |
6881184924 | Al-Qaeda | International organization of fundamentalist Islamic militants, headed by Osama Bin Laden | 73 | |
6881195294 | Environmentalism | 20th century movement to preserve the natural world in the face of sprawling human ability to alter the world environment | 74 | |
6881199683 | Fundamentalism | Occurring within all the major world religions, is a self proclaimed reform to the "fundamentals" of a religion | 75 | |
6881206029 | Globalization | Term commonly used to refer to the massive growth in international economic transactions from around 1950 to the percent | 76 | |
6881214782 | Global Warming | A worldwide scientific consensus that the increased burning of fossil fuels and the less of trees | 77 | |
6881221707 | Che Guevara | Ernesto "One" Guevara was an Argentine-born revolutionary (1928-1967) who waged guerilla war in an effort to remedy Latin America's and Africa's social and economic ills | 78 | |
6881232510 | Osama Bin Laden | The leader of Al Qaeda a wealthy Saudi Arabian who turned to militant fundamentalism | 79 | |
6881236864 | Second Wave Feminism | Women's rights movement revived in the 1960's with a different agenda than earlier woman's suffrage movements. Demanded equal rights for women in employment. | 80 | |
6881243629 | World Trade Organization | International Body Representing 149 nations that negotiates the rules for global commerce and is dedicated to the promotion of free trade | 81 | |
6881269321 | Abolitionist Movement | An internal movement between approximately 1780 and 1890 succeeded in condemning slavery as a morally repugnant and abolishing it in much of the world; the movement was especially prominent in Britain and the U.S | 82 | |
6881278903 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | Document drawn up by the French National Assembly in 1789 that proclaimed the equal rights of all men; the declaration idealogically launched the French revolution | 83 | |
6881311882 | Estates General | French representative assembly called into Louis XVI to address pressing problems and out of which the French Revolution emerged | 84 | |
6881315583 | Freetown | West African settlement in what is now Sierra Leone at which British naval commanders freed Africans they rescued from illegal slave ships | 85 | |
6881320696 | French Revolution | Massive dislocation of French Society (1789-1815) that overthrew the monarchy, destroyed most of the French aristocracy, launched radical reforms of society that were lost again | 86 | |
6881332221 | Gens De Couleur | Literally meaning "free people of color"; term used to describe freed slaves and people of mixed racial background | 87 | |
6881335370 | Haiti | Name that revolutionaries gave to the former French Colony of Saint Domingue; the term means "mountainous" or "rugged" | 88 | |
6881342377 | Haitian Revolution | The only successful slave rebellion in world history; the uprising in the French Carribean colony of Saint Domingue | 89 | |
6881355929 | Hidalgo-Morelos Rebellion | Socially radical peasant insurrection that began in Mexico in 1810 and that was led by the priests Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos | 90 | |
6881363657 | Latin America Revolutions | Series of risings in the Spanish colonies of Latin America (1810-1826) that establish the independence of new states from Spanish rule | 91 | |
6881370068 | Toussaint Louverture | First leader of the Haitian Revolution; A former slave (1743-1803) who wrote the first constituion of Haiti | 92 | |
6881378936 | Maternal Feminism | Movement that claimed that women have value in society not because of an abstract notion of equality but because women have vital roles | 93 | |
6881383685 | Napoleon Bonaparte | French head of state from 1799 until his abduction in 1814 and again briefly in 1815. preserved much of the French Revolution under a autocratic system | 94 | |
6881393620 | Nation | A clearly defined territory whose people have a sense of common identity and destiny, through ties of blood, culture, language, or common experience | 95 | |
6881399829 | Nationalism | The focusing of citizens loyalty on the notion that they are part of a "nation" with a unique culture territory and destiny | 96 | |
6881410134 | North American Revolution | Successful rebellion conducted by the colonists of parts of North America against British rule (1775-1787) The little or poor white population of Saint Domingue, which played a significant role in the Haitian Revolution | 97 | |
6882109586 | Petit Blancs | The little or poor white population of Saint Domingue, which played a significant role in the Haitian revolution | 98 | |
6882119115 | Seneca Falls Conference | The first organized women's rights conference, which took place at Seneca Falls, New York in 1848 | 99 | |
6882127764 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Leading figure of the early women rights movements in the U.S (1815-1902) | 100 | |
6882133686 | Third Estate | In pre-revolutionary France, term used for 98% of the population that was neither clerical nor noble. | 101 | |
6882148893 | Bourgeoisie | Term that Karl Marx used to describe the owners of industrial capital; originally meant "townspeople" | 102 | |
6882159939 | Lenin | Pen name of Russian Bolshevik Vladimir Ulyanov (1870-1924) who was the main leader of the Russian Revolution of 1917 | 103 | |
6882169460 | Lower Middle Class | Social stratum that developed in Britain in the 19th century and that considered of people employed in the service sector | 104 | |
6882174784 | Karl Marx | The most influential proponent of socialism, Marx (1818-1883) was a German in England in advocated working class revolution as a key to the future | 105 | |
6882191946 | Mexican Revolution | Long and bloody war (1911-1920) in which Mexican reformers from the middle class joined with workers and peasants to overthrow | 106 | |
6882219569 | Middle Class Values | Belief system typical of the middle class that developed in Britain in the 19th century | 107 | |
6882222705 | Model T | The first automobile affordable enough for a mass market | 108 | |
6882225095 | Populism | Late 19th century American political that denounced corporate interests of all kinds | 109 | |
6882241738 | Progressivism | American political movement in the period around 1900 that advocated reform measures to correct the ills of Industrialization | 110 | |
6882252742 | Proletariat | Term that Karl Marx used to describe the industrial working class originally used in ancient Rome to describe the poorest part of the population | 111 | |
6882261983 | Russian Revolution of 1905 | Spontaneous rebellion that erupted in Russia after the country's defeat at the hands of Japan in 1905 | 112 | |
6882265597 | Apartheid | Afrikaans term literally meaning the system that developed in South Africa of strictly limiting the social and political integration of whites and blacks | 113 | |
6882278252 | Scramble for Africa | Name used for the process of European countries partition of the continent of Africa between themselves in the period (1875-1900) | 114 | |
6882283120 | Opium Wars | Two wars fought between western powers and China after China tried to restrict the importation of foreign goods, especially Opium | 115 | |
6882288358 | Social Darwinism | An application of the concept of "survival of the fittest" to human history in the 19th century | 116 | |
6882720297 | Kaozheng | Movement that emphasized importance of precision, accuracy, and analysis | 117 |