AP World History Chapter 6 Flashcards

7977938118	Sub-Saharan Africa	Civilization bisected by the Equator that lagged in the domestication of animals and was suitable for agriculture	0
7977938119	Kingdom of Meroe (Kush/Nubia)	Civilization that was deeply related to Egypt, had female monarchs, iron smelting, agriculture based on rainfall and the Nile flooding, extensive trade networks, and local religion, declined because of conquest and deforestation	1
7977946910	Piye (d. 714 BCE)	Ruled Egypt after conquering it	2
7977946911	Apedemek	Indigenous lion god of war with multiple heads and a human body	3
7977946912	Kingdom of Axum	Capital was Axum, located in modern Ethiopia, plow-based farming, extensive trade, resisted Islam, obelisks, declined because of the rise of Islam, famine, and degradation of ecology	4
7977949240	Horn of Africa	Contains the port city, located in East Africa	5
7977949241	Adulis	Port city located in the Horn of Africa that connected with Indian Ocean trade	6
7977949242	Obelisk	Structure carved from one stone that had a pointed top	7
7977953015	Ezana (d. 360s CE)	Ruled Axum, conquers and expands area, ruled during the height, power to be dealt with, Coptic Christianity	8
7977953016	Jenne-jeno	Largest in Niger River Valley, cluster settlements, domesticated rice, had terra-cotta figures, UNESCO, declined partly because of trade	9
7977954812	City without Citadels	Collection of small communities around a central town center, not great social stratification, no war or ruling family	10
7977954813	Griots	Song specialist, poet, story-teller, cultural epics	11
7977954814	Mesoamerica	Common features included the crops maize, beans, peppers, and squash, human sacrifice, pyramids, male and female gods, a winged serpent, writing that included pictures, hieroglyphs and syllables, not an alphabet	12
7977954815	Mayan Culture	Located in present-day Guatemala and Mexico, no unified empire, warring states, mathematics, astronomy, and an engineered landscape, collapsed because of a drought, South declined 80% quicker than North	13
7977957496	El Mirador	Largest Mayan monumental architecture pyramid, hard to find, overgrown, in jungle	14
7977957497	Tikal	Tourist attraction, recognizable images, contains the Pyramid of the Jaguar	15
7977957498	Mayan Mathematics	Concept of zero, place notation, combined with Astronomy, solar and lunar eclipses	16
7977957499	Teotihuacan	Named by Aztec, center of Mexico, language, government, and tombs unknown, semi-divine kings/queens??, planned city, tunnels under pyramids, Street of the Dead, neighborhoods	17
7977961226	Pyramids of the Sun and Moon	On each end of the Street of the Dead, Sun is the biggest, Moon the second biggest	18
7977961227	Chavin	Lacked defensive structures and public art, contained The Old Temple, may have been the center of an Andean religious movement	19
7977966070	Julio Tello (1880-1947)	Discovered Chavin, thought it was a religious center, offerings in corridors leading to stone, local people had memory of oracle	20
7977966071	El Lanzon	Temple with narrow corridors used for divination, people left gifts, U-shaped, interior corridors, sunken circular plaza with two layers of stone reliefs	21
7977966072	Oracle	Used in order to ask and answer questions	22
7977966073	Axis Mundi	World Tree, stone from the ground through the ceiling, connecting heaven and earth, fanged clawed cat	23
7977969401	San Pedro Cactus	Mescaline, hallucinogenic drug that would transfer the consumer into a god	24
7977969402	Cult of Feline Deity	Jaguar cult, essential, Andean religious movement?	25
7977969403	Moche Culture	13 coastal river systems, massive use of irrigation, city states connected culturally, Incans got credit for their roads, warfare depicted on art, internal?, temples, textiles, ceramics, stirrup pottery, tombs used for pyramids	26
7977969404	Shaman	Priests buried with riches	27
7977972411	Lord of Sipan	Priest buried with women, guards, a dog, a child, a crown, wives, warriors, jewelry, clothing, fanged god	28
7977972412	Wari Culture	Large region, built stage for Inca, North of Lake Titicaca, walled cities, terraced agriculture, camelid herding, stone-paved roads to move herds, no wheels	29
7977972413	Terraced Agriculture	Like flowerbeds, used corn on a scale never seen before, potatoes, stone-based, drained, top had organic compost	30
7977974571	Potato	First seen with the Wari culture, 1200 types, 1 strain, disease	31
7977974572	Camelid Herding	Alpacas and llama herding on a level never seen before	32
7977976996	Tiwanaku Culture	South of Lake Titicaca, trees were evil, cut down, raised field agriculture, stone walls without mortar, religion borrowed from Chavin	33
7977979820	Raised-Field Agriculture	12000 feet above, parallel ditches with water, crops in middle, ditches raised fish to be harvested, enriched water	34
7977979821	Pueblo Culture	Made out of adobe, interlocking rooms, defensive, NW New Mexico, 4 Corners	35
7977979822	Kiva	Ceremonial chamber used for religious purposes	36
7977982125	Chaco Canyon	Intense Pueblo culture, 5000 people, turquoise major trade item, major road network, no domesticated animals, religious network?, sharp decline because of drought and abandonment	37
7977982126	Pueblo Bonito	Largest, sunken in circles, kivas	38
7977984345	Chaco Phenomenon	Style of life that radiated a new way of living	39
7977984346	Acoma Pueblo	Oldest continuously inhabited, sky city, Kachina dolls representing gods	40
7977987221	Mound Builder Cultures	Include Hopewell, Mississippian, and Natchez	41
7977987222	Hopewell Culture	Famous for monumental architecture built from earth, Serpent Mound example, Ohio, burial mounds and pyramids, hard to tear down, Mica mineral that can be carved into thin sheets, smoked, made pipes	42
7977989699	Mississippian Culture	Cahokia, earthwork pyramids, domestic houses, temples, burial buildings on top of mounds, maize-based, extensive trade networks, didn't work with metal, institutionalized social inequality, settlement hierarchy	43
7977989700	Cahokia	Great Pyramid 15 acres large, top had dwellings where priests live, biggest monumental structure, site for culture, much remains, 10000 people	44
7977989701	Natchez Culture	Only Mississippian Culture to survive Eurpoeans, matrilineal	45
7977994842	Matrilineal Society	Family rulers traced through mother	46
7977996869	Great Suns	Mother gave birth to chief priest, sister next mother of great sun	47
7977999469	Joseph Smith (1805-1844)	Founder of Mormonism, revelation in the Book of Mormon, history of lost civilization that built great mounds, lost races of white people built them and Jesus visited them	48
7977999470	Bantu Diffusion	Generation by generation, slowly, natural, peaceful, not conquest or self-conscious, 400 different languages, ironworking, settled agriculture, interacted with foragers, some chiefdoms, some lacked elite specialists, less patriarchal, complementary, women-farming, men-hunt, fish, gather	49
7978001995	Pygmy (Batwa)	People who were forest specialists who were usually shorter than average	50
7978001996	Forest Specialists	Pygmy people in Central Africa forests that produced exotic products and elephant tusks and skins	51
7978001997	Bantu Religion	Importance of ancestor worship, disease because of offending, witches, animism, diviners, continuous revelation, no missionary impulse, localized	52
7978004885	Animism	The spirit world communicated through inanimate objects, plants, and animals, connector ability	53
7978004886	Diviners	Got in touch with spirits to predict outcomes	54
7978007389	Continuous Revelation	More could always be revealed, NOT like Christianity	55
7978007390	Pacific Oceania	Originated from SE Asia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, one of last human migrations, Easter Island furthest East, cut off life, varying chiefdoms, no empires, Austronesian language family, Pacific gave food, birds domesticated, women not pure, patriarchy depended, extensive trade	56
7978009441	Ecological Impact	Extinction of Moa bird, East Island was deforested by rats, abandoned	57
7978012340	Pohnpei	Built canals, Venice of the Pacific, kings of island, secluded, forbidden city	58
7978012341	Tatau	Body decoration, tattoo, intricate, whole body	59
7978012342	Mana	Spiritual power of chiefs, cross over to other world, tribal priest	60
7978012343	Tapu	Protected people and holiness of priests, taboo, line can't be crossed	61
7978015056	Lapita	Pottery style with an extraordinary range	62
7978015057	Thor Heyerdahl	Built the Kon-Tiki, fascinated with trade, proved South Americans went West across the ocean, DNA on islands, 8% from South America	63
7978027768	Kon-Tiki	6-person vessel using technology and materials from ancient voyagers, 100-day, 400-mile trip	64