AP Biology- Unit 2 Flashcards

7441896536	nonpolar	electrons shared equally	0
7441896537	polar	electrons shared unequally	1
7441896538	monosaccharide	C6H12O6 simple sugar; glucose, galactose, and fructose	2
7441896539	disaccharide	two monosaccharides joined together; C12H22O1; maltose, lactose, and sucrose	3
7441896540	dehydration synthesis	condensation; joining compounds together with water released	4
7441896541	hydrolysis	breakdown of a compound by adding water	5
7441896542	polysaccharide	polymers of carbohydrates	6
7441896543	cellulose	structural polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls	7
7441896544	starch	storage polysaccharide found in plants	8
7441896545	fatty acid	hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end; majority portion in lipids	9
7441896546	saturated fat	fat without double bonds	10
7441896547	unsaturated fat	fat with double bonds	11
7441896548	peptide bond	bond creating amino acid chains or polymers	12
7441896549	primary structure	linear sequence of amino acids; peptide bonds	13
7441896550	secondary structure	protein formed with hydrogen bonds	14
7441896551	tertiary structure	3D conformation formed; determines specificity	15
7441896552	quaternary structure	protein with more than one polypeptide chain	16
7441896553	alpha helix	secondary structure form of a protein; human hair (keratin)	17
7441896554	beta pleated sheet	secondary structure form of a protein; spider webs and silk	18
7441896555	functional group	components of organic molecules most often involved in chemical reactions	19
7441896557	cohesion	capacity to resist tension to rupture	20
7441896558	polymer	long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together	21
7441896559	monomer	building block for polymers; only made by producers	22
7441896560	adhesion	attraction between different kinds of molecules	23
7441896561	surface tension	measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid	24
7441896562	evaporative cooling / heat of vaporization	property of a liquid where the surface becomes cooler during evaporation due to the loss of molecules	25
7441896564	hydrophobic interaction	tertiary structure; weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water change to exclude the water	26
7441896565	hydrocarbon	organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon	27
7441896566	macromolecule	giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules	28
7441896568	nucleotide	building block of a nucleic acid; five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogen base and a phosphate group	29
7441896571	hydroxyl	hydrogen bonded to oxygen bonded to an organic molecule's carbon skeleton; alcohol; polar	30
7441896572	carboxyl	oxygen double bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to a hydroxyl group	31
7441896573	amine	nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and to the carbon skeleton	32
7441896574	sulfhydryl	sulfur bonded to hydrogen in roughly the shape of a hydroxyl; cysteine	33
7441896575	phosphate	phosphorous bonded to four oxygens, two have negative charges, one is bonded to the carbon skeleton; phospholipid	34
7441955271	denaturation	process in which a protein loses shape and function due to changes in their environment (pH, temperature)	35
7442018451	competitive inhibitor	molecule that closely resembles the shape of a substrate for an enzyme	36
7517911483	enzymes	specific, reusable, catalyzes a chemical reaction	37