AP Unit 1 Terms Flashcards

5642881669	Great Famine	A terrible natural disaster in 1315-1322 that hit much of Europe after a period of climate change.	0
5642888430	Black Death	Plague that first struck Europe in 1347 and killed perhaps one-third of the population.	1
5642896791	flagellants	People who believed that the plague was God's punishment for sin and sought to do penance by whipping themselves.	2
5642903216	Hundred Years' War	A war between England and France from 1337 to 1453, with political and economic causes and consequences.	3
5642924361	Babylonian Captivity	The period from 1309 to 1376 when the popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome.	4
5642929921	Great Schism	The division, or split, in church leadership from 1378 to 1417 when there were two, then three, popes.	5
5642936527	conciliarists	People who believed that the authority in the Roman Church should rest in the general council composed of clergy, theologians, and laypeople, rather than in the pope alone.	6
5643104931	confraternities	Voluntary lay groups organized by occupation, devotional preference, neighborhood, or charitable activity.	7
5643118262	Jacquerie	A massive uprising by French peasants in 1358 protesting heavy taxation.	8
5643132180	English Peasants' Revolt	Revolt by English peasants in 1381 in response to changing economic conditions.	9
5643140232	Statute of Kilkenny	Law issued in 1366 that discriminated against the Irish.	10
5643156115	Renaissance	A French word meaning "rebirth," used to describe the rebirth of the culture of classical antiquity in Italy during the 14th-16th centuries.	11
5643167652	patronage	Financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles.	12
5643179516	communes	Sworn associations of free men in Italian cities led by merchant guilds that sought political and economic independence from local nobles.	13
5643189694	popolo	Disenfranchised common people in Italian cities who resented their exclusion from power.	14
5643195925	signori	Government by one-man rule in Italian cities like Milan; also refers to these rulers.	15
5643204709	courts	Magnificent households and palaces where signori and other rulers lived, conducted business, and supported the arts.	16
5643212965	humanism	A program of study designed by Italians that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature.	17
5643232075	virtu	The quality of being able to shape the world according to one's own will.	18
5643238347	Christian humanists	Northern humanists who interpreted Italian ideas about and attitudes toward classical antiquity and humanism in terms of their own religious traditions.	19
5643259981	New Christians	A term for Jews and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula who accepted Christianity	20
5643269639	anticlericalism	Opposition to the clergy.	21
5643273805	indulgence	A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins.	22
5643282618	Protestant	The name originally given to followers of Luther, which came to mean all non-Catholic Western Christian groups.	23
5643291916	Spanish Armada	The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism. Weather and the English fleet defeated it.	24
5643303734	The Institutes of the Christian Religion	John Calvin's formulation of Christian doctrine, which became systematic theology for Protestantism.	25
5643310461	predestination	The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works.	26
5643320195	Holy Office	The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy.	27
5643327472	Jesuits	Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith.	28
5643338364	Huguenots	French Calvinists.	29
5643341117	politiques	Catholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse.	30
5643347833	Edict of Nantes	A document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France.	31
5643356177	Union of Utrecht	The alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.	32