The Unfinished Nation Chapter 11 Flashcards

4657503942	Which of the following best describes elementary and secondary schools in the South before the Civil War?	They were inferior to those in the Northeast.	0
4657504257	Most slaves received which of the following?	1. Cheap clothing and shoes 2. A simple but adequate diet	1
4657505047	The only successful large-scale slave uprising was led by ___ ____, a slave preacher who led an armed band of slaves to murder 60 white men, women, and children in Virginia.	Nat Turner	2
4657505514	Approximately what percentage of white southerners lived in slaveholding households in the mid-1800s	25%	3
4657505749	Which of the following contributed to the slow development of industry in the South?	1. Booming agricultural expansion 2. Inadequate transportation system	4
4657507021	The shared language developed by slaves- often referred to a pidgin- combined African languages and the _____ language	English	5
4657507218	How did the slave codes define a person's race?	Individuals with a presumed trace of African ancestry were black	6
4657507547	Slave women generally were responsible for which of the following tasks?	1. Child rearing 2. Providing medical attention 3. Cooking meals	7
4657508041	By the 1830's, the center of ____ cultivation was moving westward into the Piedmont area, while the farmers of Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina shifted to other crops.	Tobacco	8
4657508277	Which of the following effects did the cult of honor have on the lives of southern white women?	1. Men expected women to be subordinate in exchange for defending women's honor 2. White southern men felt obligated to protect white women	9
4657508592	Slave religion was primarily a form of	Christianity	10
4657509029	Slaves often preferred to live on	Large plantations because they could create their own social world in the slave quarters	11
4657509282	Which of the following best describe the lives of slaves in the South?	1. Female slaves often received particularly vindictive treatment from masters' wives 2. Slave women labored in the fields and also cooked and cleaned	12
4657509917	Which of the following roles was not among those assigned to house slaves?	Planter	13
4657510401	Which of these forms of transportation were either nonexistent or inadequately developed in the South prior to the Civil War?	1. Canals 2. Finished roads 3. Railroads	14
4657510821	Which of the following best describes how members of the white southern upper class viewed themselves?	As true aristocrats, much like those in the Old World	15
4657511413	In southern cities, slaves performed many of the menial jobs that in the North were performed by _____ immigrants.	European	16
4657511934	Nonslaveholding whites who lived in backcountry areas like the Appalachians and Ozarks were known as	Hill people	17
4657512236	Which of the following are accurate statements regarding the domestic slave trade?	1. Some slaves moved from one part of the South to another with their owners 2. Most slaves were moved by professional slave traders	18
4657513124	Through the musical tradition of the _____, Africans in America expressed both their religious faith and their hopes for freedom in song.	Spiritual	19
4657513233	Before revisions were made to state laws in the 1830s, slaves could be set free by	The master's will after the master died	20
4657513626	In 1839 a group of slaves in Cuba took over a ship, the ____, and attempted to sail back to their homelands in Africa	Amistad	21
4657516034	What technological development made the large-scale cultivation of short-staple cotton possible?	Cotton gin	22
4657516365	Which of the following best describe how slaves' practice of religion differed from that of whites?	1. Slave religion often blended elements of African religious traditions and Christianity 2. Slaves' prayer meetings often included vocal exclamations and fervent chanting	23
4657517340	Before the Civil War, the principal means of transporting goods in the South was	Water	24
4657517715	Which of the following advantages did house slaves often have over field slaves	1. Access to leftovers from the master's table 2. Less physically-backbreaking labor	25
4657519316	Which of the following best describes an aspect of the domestic slave trade?	Slave families were often separated, including the separation of children from parents.	26
4657521266	The only successful large-scale slave uprising was led by ___ ____, a slave preacher who led an armed band of slaves to murder 60 white men, women and children in Virginia	Nat Turner	27
4657521649	Which of the following best describes the position of female slaves?	They often were separated from their husbands and fathers.	28
4657522009	Which of the following best describes slaves' practice of religion?	It was monitored by whites because autonomous black churches were illegal in the South.	29
4657523629	How did the slave labor system affect white southern women?	1. It threatened their relationships with their husbands, who often had sexual relationships with female slaves 2. It helped spare them from hard labor	30
4657524189	Most whites living in the Appalachians or the Ozarks	Practiced subsistence agriculture, growing most of their crops for their own use.	31
4657526061	The majority of students attending the South's several hundred colleges and universities were	Sons of wealthy planters.	32
4657526876	Which of the following are accurate statements about the foreign slave trade?	1. Despite a federal law prohibiting the importation of slaves, smuggling continued as late as the 1850's. 2. At a southern convention for commerce in 1858, delegates voted to repeal all laws against slave imports, but the government did not comply.	33
4657535090	Which of the following best describes the prevalence of slaveholding in the South?	Only a very small minority of southern whites owned slaves?	34
4657535830	What social effects did slavery have on southerners?	1. It segregated blacks from whites 2. It created a unique bond of mutual reliance between masters and slaves 3. Southern black developed a culture different from that of southern whites	35
4657538247	Southern women who lived on farms of modest size regularly engaged in which of the following activities?	1. Agricultural tasks 2. Spinning and weaving 3. Overseeing slaves	36
4657539199	Which of the following best describes the frequency of slave revolts in the South?	Slave uprising were rare, but the possibility kept white southerners on alert	37
4657540834	Which of the following contributed to how the South remained so different from the North?	1. White southerners argued that grace and refinement were more important than rapid growth and development 2. While the agricultural economy of the Northeast had declined, that of the South was booming.	38
4657542655	Which of the following is an advantage that short-staple cotton has over other cotton varieties?	It can be grown in a variety of climates and soils.	39
4657543289	When white southerners referred to slavery as the "peculiar institution," they usually meant that it was	Distinctive and special	40
4657546547	Which of these forms of transportation were either nonexistent or inadequately developed in the South prior to the Civil War.	1. Railroads 2. Canals 3. Finished Roads	41
4657547766	Why did tobacco cultivation move westward in the 1830s?	Tobacco farming had exhausted the land, so farmers had to switch to other crops	42
4657549758	Which of the following were among the activities slaves were forbidden from doing under the slave codes of southern states?	1. Strike a white person, even in self-defense 2. Hold property 3. Carry firearms	43
4657550406	Which of the following best describes most members of the southern planter class?	They were newly wealthy and among the first in their families to succeed at farming.	44
4657551853	Which of the following was part of the slave codes?	Whites could not teach slaves to read or write.	45
4657553187	Which of the following was the most likely way that slaves could earn money to buy their freedom?	Marketing a skill to make additional money	46
4657553649	Which of the following best describes the relationship between agriculture and business in the South?	Most successful businesses were related to the needs of plantation owners.	47
4657554982	In what ways did white southern society differ from the myths of a planter "aristocracy"?	1. Many planters had to live a modest lifestyle, because most of their money was invested in land and slaves 2. Many of the great southern landowners were still first-generation settlers 3. Many planters were competitive businessmen	48
4657556379	Which of the following were the most common hazards for slaves who tried to escape their masters by running away?	1. Long distance to safety 2. "Slave patrols" looking for escaped blacks 3. Ignorance about geography	49
4657556991	Southern whites who did not own slaves were linked to the plantation economy by which of the following?	1. Shared ideas of racial superiority 2. Dependence on plantation owners for access to cotton gins 3. Family ties	50
4657559134	What is one reason slave women often held additional authority in the plantation system?	They acted as single parents when their husbands were sold to other plantations.	51
4657561986	One of the most powerful stereotypes of slaves was the "____," a shuffling, dimwitted slave who was deferential to whites.	Sambo	52
4657562649	The most widespread method slaves used to defy their masters was	Everyday forms of resistance, such as refusing to work hard.	53
4657566962	By fostering _____, or a sense of kindly protection and security for slaves, whites reduced resistance to slavery.	Paternalism	54
4657570439	One reason that nonslaveholding whites living amid the plantation system accepted slavery was that they	Were often closely related to the wealthier planters who did own slaves	55
4657574116	Like rice and sugar, ____ did not enjoy widespread success in the South because it could only be grown in limited areas in the coastal regions of the Southeast.	Long-staple cotton	56
4657575499	How did slaves cope with being separated from their families?	They could be "adopted" by a slave family in the new community.	57
4657579557	Typical white southerners were yeoman farmers who owned few or no slaves and were known as	Plain folk	58
4657580863	Which of the following are true about free blacks in the South before the Civil War?	1. Some owned slaves 2. Most lived in poverty 3. Free black communities flourished in New Orleans and Charleston.	59
4657583751	How did most destitute southern whites make their living?	They mostly foraged or hunted by were often malnourished	60
4657587041	More than half of the free African Americans in slaveholding states were living in ____ in 1860s.	Virginia and Maryland	61
4657588305	Which of the following best describes the economic relationship between the North and South during the antebellum period?	The South was like a colony, shipping raw goods to the North to be turned into salable goods.	62
4657589971	From the 1830s on, state laws governing slavery made it much more difficult for owners to set their slaves free, in part because	Nat Turner's revolt had prompted fears of further revolts among white southerners	63
4657591375	Which of the following best explains why rice did not become a staple of the southern economy?	Rice fields require extensive irrigation.	64
4657593345	Which of the following were the case with the poorest white southerners, referred to by some as "poor white trash"?	1. Wealthier whites sometimes called them "clay eaters" 2. They often suffered from dietary deficiencies and disease such as pellagra, hookworm and malaria.	65
4657595048	Nonslaveholding whites relied on the plantation system for all of the following except	Rented Land	66
4657595936	How did the shift of slave labor to the cotton states affect planters in the upper South?	They began selling their slaves to cotton plantations to compensate for their crops' decline in value	67
4657597626	Urban slaves often had more freedom than rural slaves because urban slaves	were often hired out to work as day laborers	68
4657598816	Which of the following best explains why sugar did not become a staple crop in the South?	1. Cultivation of sugarcane required backbreaking labor 2. Sugarcane takes a long time to grow 3. Sugarcane growers in the South had to compete with farmers in the Caribbean.	69
4657600980	The few female "academies" in the South focused on training women to be	Wives	70
4657601635	Which of the following best explains how slaves expressed their attitudes toward slavery while the masters were watching?	They sang religious songs that often drew upon themes of freedom and salvation.	71
4657605785	The South was economically dependent on the North because the North provided the raw materials that southerners used to manufacture products.	False	72
4664770895	Why was the work of "factors" so important to southern industry?	They provided planters with much needed credit.	73
4664770896	Which of the following was a primary cause of the South's lack of industrial development?	lack of transportation	74