Chapter 6: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 c.e. Flashcards

5049643607	Axum	Kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; replaced Meroë in first century CE; received strong influence from Arabian peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity.	0
5049643608	Ethiopia	A Christian kingdom the developed in the highlands of Eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expanision elsewhere in Africa.	1
5049643609	Sahara	Desert running across northern Africa; separates the Mediterranean coast from southern Africa.	2
5049643610	Shintoism	Religion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshipped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world; offers of food and prayers made to gods and nature spirits.	3
5049643611	Civilizations of Central and South America	Three cultural hearths are represented: Mesoamerica, extending from north-central Mexico to Nicaragua; the Andean region in South America, and the Intermediate zone of modern-day Colombia and Panama, which shared many characteristics with the other zones but did no build in stone.	4
5049643612	Teotihuacan	Site of classic culture in central Mexico; urban center with important religious functions; supported by intensive agriculture in surrounding regions; population of as much as 200,000.	5
5049643613	Maya	Classic culture emerging in southern Mexico and Central America contemporary with Teotihuacan; extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendrical and mathematical systems, highly developed religion.	6
5049643614	Inca	Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures; term also used for leader of empire.	7
5049643615	Polynesia	Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island.	8
5049643616	Yellow Turbans	Chinese Daoists who launched a revolt in 184 CE in China promising a golden age to be brought about by divine magic.	9
5049643617	Sui	Dynasty that succeeded the Han in China; emerged from strong rulers in northern China; united all of northern China and reconquered southern China.	10
5049643618	Tang	Dynasty that succeeded the Sui in 618 CE; more stable than previous dynasty.	11
5049643619	Harsha	Ruler who followed Guptas in India; briefly contructed a loose empire in northern India between 616 and 657 CE.	12
5049643620	Rajput	Regional princes in western India; emphasized military control of their religions.	13
5049643621	Devi	Mother goddess within Hinduism; widely spread following collapse of Guptas; encouraged new emotionalism in religous ritual.	14
5049643622	Islam	Major world religion having its origin in 610 CE in the Arabian peninsula; meaning literrally submission; based on prophecy of Muhammad.	15
5049643623	Diocletian	Roman emperor from 284 to 305 CE; restored later empire by improved administration and tax collection.	16
5049643624	Constantine	Roman emperor from 312 to 337 CE established second capital of Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spirituality.	17
5049643625	Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions	Nomadic tribes converged mainly on the western part of the Roman empire, invading Rome and its European outposts.	18
5049643626	Byzantine Empire	Eastern half of the Roman empire following collapse of western half of old empire; retained Mediterrarnean culture, particularly Greek; later lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam; capital at Constantinople.	19
5049643627	Augustine(Saint)	Influential church father and theologian (354-430CE) born in Africa and ultimately bishop of Hippo in Africa; champion of Christian doctrine against various heresies and very important in the long-term development of Christian thought on such issues as predestination.	20
5049643628	The Mediterranean, Middle East, Europe, and North Africa	500CE, Soon after the fall of Rome, the former empire split into three distinct zones.	21
5049643629	Coptic	Christian sect in Egypt, later tolerated after Islamic takeover.	22
5049643630	Mahayana	Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior.	23
5049643631	Bodhisattvas	Buddhist holy men and women; built up spiritual merits during their lifetimes; prayers even after death could aid people to achieve reflected holiness.	24
5049643632	Jesus of Nazareth	Prophet and teacher amoung the Jews; believed by Christians to be the Messiah; executed 30CE.	25
5049643633	Paul	One of the first Christian missionaries; moved away from insistence that adherents of the new religion follow Jewish law; use of Greek in language of Church.	26
5049643634	Pope	Bishop of Rome; head of the Christian Church in western Europe.	27
5049643635	Council of Nicaea	Christian council that met in 325CE to determine orthodoxy with respect to the Trinity; insisted on divinity of all persons of the Trinity.	28
5049643636	Benedict of Nursia	Founder of monasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire; established Benedictine Rule in the 6th century; paralleled development of Basil's rules in Byzantine empire.	29