First Global Civilization: Rise and Spread of Islam Flashcards

8620401659	Arabs	Semitic people in Southwest Asia	0
8620401660	Bedouin	nomadic pastoralists; inhabitants of the Arabian peninsula; organized into tribes	1
8645960483	Mecca	the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace; known for its trading system that linked the Mediterranean to east Asia	2
8645960484	Medina	a city in western Saudi Arabia; a city where Muhammad preached; agricultural and commercial city	3
8645968199	true or false; women did not have any roles in the Islamic Civilization	false; women played key economic roles	4
8620401661	In terms of religion, the Arabs were ____________	polytheistic	5
8620401662	Allah	supreme god of Islam who presides over community of spirits; all powerful being who created the universe and everything in it	6
8645960485	true or false; men and women were equal in the eyes of Allah	true	7
8620401663	Ka'aba	central shrine in Mecca housing a massive black meteorite that is believed to possess sacred qualities	8
8645686451	What was the significance of the Ka'aba?	it attracted pilgrims and visitors	9
8620401664	Why did the Arab peninsula possess economic importance?	it was geographically situated to be in control of certain trade routes	10
8620401665	Because of the Arab peninsula's economic importance, what was a result?	political disorder in Mesopotamia, wars between the Byzantine and Sassanian (Persian) Empire in Egypt	11
8620401666	Muhammad	founder of Islam; prophet of Allah	12
8620401667	According to tradition, what troubles Muhammad?	the growing gap between Bedouin values of honesty & generosity and the acquisitive behavior of affluent commercial elites of the Mecca	13
8620401668	Who appears to Muhammad?	the Angel Gabriel	14
8620401669	What does Angel Gabriel tell Muhammad?	he commands Muhammad to preach revelations he will be given	15
8620401670	When Muhammad preaches to Mecca, what is the city's response?	Mecca is convinced he is a madman/ charlatan (con-man)	16
8620401671	Why is Mecca incensed by Muhammad's preachings?	Muhammad is preaching monotheistic beliefs to polytheistic followers	17
8645973858	Why does Mecca see Muhammad as a threat?	his faith endangered the gods of the Ka'aba	18
8620401672	hegira	Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Yathrib	19
8645979240	The hegira was so important that...	its date marked the first year of the Islamic calendar	20
8620401673	How does Yathrib react to Muhammad?	they invite him even though he preaches monotheistic beliefs; they see him as a good meditator of disputes among clans	21
8620401674	true of false; the Bedouins around Yathrib support Muhammad	true	22
8620401675	What does Muhammad do when he returns to Mecca?	he arrives with a military force, conquers and converts the town people, declares Ka'aba a sacred shrine of Islam	23
8620401676	true of false; Islam is a monotheistic religion	true	24
8620401677	true or false; Muhammad is divine	false; Muhammad is NOT divine	25
8620401678	What is the heart of Islam?	the Quran/Koran/Qu'ran	26
8620401679	Quran	sacred book written in Arabic language	27
8620401680	What is the basic message of the Quran?	"There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet"	28
8620401681	What is contained in the Quran?	messages that Muhammad said he received from Allah	29
8620401682	What are the 5 pillars of Islam?	Belief, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage	30
8620401683	What is granted to those who follow the 5 Pillars of Islam?	eternal paradise	31
8620401684	The 5 Pillars of Islam are not just a set of religious beliefs, but ...	a way of life as well	32
8620401685	Sharia	law code that provides believers with ways to regulate daily life	33
8620401686	What is a problem that happens as a result of Muhammad's death?	Since Muhammad had no sons (only had daughters), he left behind no successor	34
8620401687	Abu Bakr	first caliph after death of Muhammad; father in law of Muhammad	35
8620401688	caliph	successor of Muhammad	36
8620401689	Mu'awiya	first Umayyad caliph; capital at Damascus, Syria	37
8620401690	What important thing did Mu'uawiya do?	he made the caliph position HEREDITARY; he chose his son, Yazid, to succeed him	38
8620401691	Shi'ites	those who believed Ali was the right caliph of Muhammad	39
8620401692	What did the Shi'ites believe in terms of the first three caliphs?	the Shi'ites believed the first three caliphs were FALSE since they were not blood-related to Muhammad	40
8620401693	Ali	cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad	41
8620401694	Sunnis	Muslims who SUPPORT the first 3 caliphs and the Umayyads	42
8620546717	What places did the Arabs gain victory?	Mesopotamia, North Africa, & Persia	43
8620546718	What are two reasons of rapid expansion of Arab?	1) Prolonged drought on Arab peninsula 2) Desire of Islam to channel the energies of new converts	44
8620546719	What was the true reason for Mecca's expansion?	Mecca, comprised mostly of merchants, wanted to expand trade routes and bring surplus producing regions under their control	45
8620546720	What role do the Bedouins play in the expansion of Arab?	they have strength and mobility due to calvary	46
8620546721	What leads to the Byzantine and Persian empire weakening?	ongoing conflicts	47
8620546722	What do the warriors believe?	if they die in battle they will automatically be granted a place in paradise	48
8620546723	The Arab government was left to ______ after the wars	local officials	49
8620546724	true or false; the Arabs convert people to Islam by force	false; the Quran states that "there shall be no compulsion in religion" (there will be no force conversion)	50
8620546725	What happens if people don't convert to Islam?	they must pay a head tax in return for exemption from military service requires for all Muslim males	51
8620546726	true or false; there is slavery of non-Muslims	true	52
8620546727	true or false; local population are angry with Arab control and would much rather prefer Byzantine or Persian rule	false; the local population believes Islam is a simple and egalitarian religion; although people are polytheistic, they are "attracted" to the equalness of monotheism	53
8646022934	Why were the Muslims able to easily conquer the Sassanian Empire?	-already weak due to ongoing conflicts with Byzantine Empire -Bedouins had strength and mobility due to calvary	54
8646022935	Why did the Byzantines lose so easily to the Arabs?	Byzantine Christian sects rallied / fought on the Arab side	55
8620546728	What dynasty does Mu'awiya start?	the Umayyad dynasty	56
8620546729	When the Muslims invaded France what did Charles Martel do?	he defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours	57
8620546730	What is the significance of the Battle of Tours?	if Charles Martel didn't successfully stop the Muslim army from advancing, Europe would be Christian today- it would be Islam	58
8620546731	When the Muslims attack Constantinople, what does the Byzantine Empire do?	they use Greek Fire to destroy the Muslim fleet and the build a "wall"	59
8620546732	What do the Umayyad caliphs do in terms of behavior?	they are "rebels" ; they eat pork, gamble, drink alcohols, engage in dishonesty	60
8620546733	Who overthrows the Umayyad dynasty?	Ab al Abbas, descendant of Muhammad's uncle (Abbasid Dynasty)	61
8645681087	What makes Islam "attractive?"	-uncompromising monotheism -highly developed legal codes -egalitarianism -strong sense of community -simple and direct character	62
8645681088	What made rapid Arab conquests possible?	-Muslim fleets -did not force people to convert -Byzantine & Sassanian Empires already had ongoing conflicts	63
8645681089	What was the important of social bonds within tribes?	Due to the harsh environment, it was key to survival to develop and establish good relations with surrounding tribes in times of dire need	64