Classical Civilizations: Greece and Rome Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 6887477228 | Greece Geography | -Balkan Peninsula -isolated valleys -rugged coast -rocky islands |  | 0 |
| 6887482791 | greek government | -small city-states emerged -city-states fought to remain independent -sea-travel was essential; became skilled sailors around 750 BCE, a more organized form of the city-state emerged-the polis or major town and surrounding countryside -On top of the hill stood the acropolis or high city here, marble temples were dedicated to the gods -fairly small population in each city-state -citizens, free residents, shared responsibility for governing and protecting the city-state | 1 | |
| 6907639818 | between 750 BCE and 500 BCE most city-states had a monarchy.. | rule by a king | 2 | |
| 6907641683 | Oligarchies | government by a small group of powerful individuals, replaced some aristocracies | 3 | |
| 6907648782 | Aristocracies | government by wealthy landowners, replaced many monarchies | 4 | |
| 6907666847 | In ancient greece the government are city states. At first each city state was ruled by a___________ then replaced by ____________ then took over by ____________ | monarchy then aristocracies then oligarchies | 5 | |
| 6907673359 | Spartan government | -Spartans developed a brutal system of control over their slave population -Sparta had to train and maintain a powerful army because the slave population outnumbered them -the Spartan government had two kings and a council of elders -an assembly of all male citizens approved all decisions | 6 | |
| 6907680059 | describe what spartans did to young boys | -sickly newborn children were abandoned to die in order to raise only a strong warrior class -at age seven, boys moved out of their homes and into the military barracks for training -they were treated harshly, fed very little and encouraged to steal extra food, but severely punished if caught! -this created a military unmatched by any other city-state | 7 | |
| 6907685960 | Describe what men and women did in sparta | -men may marry at 20, but remain in the barracks until 30 when they join the assembly -women went through rigorous training to raise strong children | 8 | |
| 6907690507 | Why didn't sparta partake in the arts? | -Spartans isolated themselves from other city-states -they had little use for the arts, travel or new ideas -focused on war | 9 | |
| 6907695694 | Athen's government | -developed a democracy -more people granted citizenship and more power given to the Athenian assembly -eventually, more power was taken away from the aristocracy -Athens used a limited-democracy -women had fewer rights and couldn't vote or join the assembly -slaves and peasants were not citizens | 10 | |
| 6907695695 | Democracy | government ruled by the people |  | 11 |
| 6907699382 | Who changed athens into a democracy? | Solon | 12 | |
| 6907707290 | Under whom did the athenian assembly turned into a legislature? | Pisistratus and Cleithenes | 13 | |
| 6907710148 | Legislature | law making body | 14 | |
| 6907719305 | Greek Mythology and Religon | -polytheistic -chief god was Zeus -gods lived atop Mount Olympus -many buildings and festivals honored the gods | 15 | |
| 6907726271 | Common Language of greeks | -most Greek city-states shared the same language -Greeks traded and exchanged ideas with neighbors such as Egyptians and Phoenicians -the Greeks called foreigners barbaroi | 16 | |
| 6907734151 | barbaroi | people who did not speak Greek | 17 | |
| 6907745662 | How far did the Persian Empire stretch? | had a vast empire stretching from Asia Minor (Turkey) to India. | 18 | |
| 6907749079 | Darius I | the Persian ruler during the Persian wars | 19 | |
| 6907752085 | The Persian wars | Ionian city-states rebelled against Persia, a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. | 20 | |
| 6907762889 | Who sent ships to help the Ionian city-states? | The Athens | 21 | |
| 6907767003 | Describe what Darius I did in the Persian wars | -Darius I, sent a huge force to punish Athens for interfering -in 490 BCE, Darius landed his forces at Marathon, a plain north of Athens -Athens defeated the much larger Persian force | 22 | |
| 6907770409 | Battle of Marathon |  | 23 | |
| 6907774075 | Darius I's son | Xerxes | 24 | |
| 6907777963 | Battle of Salamis | -Darius died before sending another attack force in 480 BCE, his son, Xerxes, sent a much larger force to conquer Greece -his army burned Athens, but the city had been evacuated -the new Athenian Navy lured the Persian navy into the narrow strait of Salamis and sank Xerxes' navy through unifying, the Greek city-states ended the Persian threat | 25 | |
| 6907783435 | The Age of Pericles | -"Golden Age" for Athens after the Persian Wars -the Delian League was formed to unite many city-states against future attack -they instituted direct democracy -they began using a jury system -ostracism became a form of punishment | 26 | |
| 6907787085 | from 460 BCE to 429 under Pericles, | the economy of Athens thrived and they became more democratic | 27 | |
| 6907795556 | The Peloponnesian War | -many Greeks outside of Athens resented Athenian domination of the Delian League -Sparta and other allies formed the Peloponnesian League -in 431 BCE war broke out between Sparta and Athens; it lasted for 27 years -Athens couldn't use its powerful navy to attack Sparta because it was inland -Sparta marched north and surrounded Athens -Pericles allowed all citizens to move within the city walls of Athens which led to overcrowding and plague -Pericles died from the plague -Sparta captured Athens in 404 BCE and destroyed their fleet and empire | 28 | |
| 6907799002 | What League did Athens create under their golden age? | Delian League | 29 | |
| 6907807602 | During the Peloponnesian War What League did the Spartans make? | the Peloponnesian League | 30 | |
| 6907817859 | What happened after the Peloponnesian war? | the Peloponnesian War led to the downfall of Athens, but also opened the door for a conqueror from the north to sweep in and take control | 31 | |
| 6907830710 | Socrates | -his teachings seemed to go against traditional Athenian customs -at age 70, he was convicted of corrupting the youth of Athens and sentenced to death | 32 | |
| 6907836476 | What is the Socratic Method and who created it? | Socrates, a process of asking questions to people to get them to analyze their answers | 33 | |
| 6907838569 | Plato | -student of Socrates -fled Athens for 10 years after death of Socrates was suspicious of democracy -returned to set up a school called the Academy he wrote, The Republic -he described the ideal state and rejected democracy because it condemned Socrates -he wanted the government to be ruled by a philosopher-king | 34 | |
| 6907849931 | Aristotle | -Plato's student -was suspicious of democracy -opened school called the Lyceum -was tutor to Alexander the Great | 35 | |
| 6907854104 | Aristotle said this | "moderation in all things" | 36 | |
| 6907863195 | the Parthenon, | a temple built in honor of the Greek goddess Athena | 37 | |
| 6907867063 | greek Literature | -dramas: the most famous writers of tragedies were Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides -These stories told the tale of human suffering. -comedies: These were humorous plays that mocked people or customs. Aristophanes was the most famous writer of comedies. -History: Herodotus was the "Father of History". | 38 | |
| 6907873595 | Alexander and the Hellenistic Age | -Alexander's father, Philip II, ruled Macedonia, a rugged mountainous kingdom north of Greece -In 338 BCE, he completed his conquest of Greece -his dream was to conquer the Persian empire, but he was assassinated at his daughter's wedding | 39 | |
| 6907879275 | The Empire of Alexander the Great | -conquered Egypt on his way to Persia, establishing Alexandria as the new capital -conquered Persia in 331 BCE -Made it to India in 326 BCE, but retreated to regroup his tired forces -He died of a fever in 323 BCE leaving the three main parts of his empire Greece, Egypt, and Persia, to three different generals | 40 | |
| 6907892451 | Hellenism | Alexander's desire to blend eastern and western cultures | 41 | |
| 6907896590 | The Legacy of Alexander | -Alexander's most lasting achievement was the spread of Greek culture -many new cities were founded, mostly named after Alexander -he filled them with Greek art and statues -people assimilated, or absorbed, Greek culture -Greek settlers in these cities learned the customs of the local people | 42 | |
| 6907900514 | Pythagoras: | formulated the relationship of the sides of a right triangle | 43 | |
| 6907902129 | Euclid: | wrote a textbook that became the basis for modern geometry | 44 | |
| 6907903618 | Archimedes | mastered the use of the lever and pulley | 45 | |
| 6907905069 | Hippocrates | famous Greek physician, modern oath for doctors named after him | 46 | |
| 6907921624 | Geography of early rome | -jumble of plains, river valleys, hills/mountains -The alps and the apennines -more open for unification -center of mediterranean world -fertil plain | 47 | |
| 6907941424 | Latins | settled along Tiber River, surrounding villages formed Rome, became known as Romans | 48 | |
| 6907944352 | Greek Colonists | -lived along Adriatic coast | 49 | |
| 6907946347 | Etruscans | mostly from Northern Italy, ruled much of Italy for a time | 50 | |
| 6907948825 | Romans learned a lot from Etruscans | -use of the arch, alphabet, engineering Romans drove them out in 509 BCE | 51 | |
| 6907953645 | republic | representative form of government | 52 | |
| 6907956947 | senate | a law-making body called | 53 | |
| 6907958463 | patricians | upper class landowners | 54 | |
| 6907959624 | Roman government | -Made up of patricians, senate, republic -there were two consuls, or leaders who would control the military and supervise government they would only serve for one year and have to approve each other's decisions -this established a policy of checks and balances a dictator would be appointed in times of war and have to give up the position once their duty was over | 55 | |
| 6907968839 | Twelve Tables of Law | -in 450 BCE, laws of Rome inscribed on 12 tablets set up in the Forum, Rome's marketplace -first time Roman laws were written for all to see plebeians could now appeal judgements handed down by Patrician judges | 56 | |
| 6907973693 | Punic Wars | -from 264 BCE-146 BCE, there were three wars between Rome and Carthage -Punic is the Latin word for Phoenician the war was over control of the Mediterranean region -First Punic War was a victory for Rome; they won Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia -Second Punic War featured the great Carthaginian general, Hannibal, marching war elephants across the Pyrenees Mts. and Alps to attack Rome from the north -Carthage lost when Hannibal had to rush his forces back to Carthage to defend against a Roman invasion | 57 | |
| 6907980071 | The Republic Declines in Rome | -by 133 BCE, Rome's power in the Mediterranean stretched from Spain to Asia Minor -incredible wealth through trade and taxes increased Rome's power -plebeians suffered as slaves replaced them in the work force -civil wars followed -generals became more and more powerful as their soldiers gave them extreme loyalty in exchange for the shared riches from conquest | 58 | |
| 6907988813 | Who emerged during the decline of republic in rome? | Julius Caesar emerged as a great general and leader during this turmoil | 59 | |
| 6907998281 | Describe the conflicts between Julius Caesar and Ponpey | -after conquering Gaul, a rival general, Pompey, persuaded the senate to disband Caesar's legions -Caesar ignored the order and crossed the Rubicon River into northern Italy -civil war broke out -Caesar crushed Pompey and his supporters -he made the senate make him a dictator | 60 | |
| 6908004759 | Describe the rule under Julius Caesar | -builds more public works -grants more citizenship to non-Romans -creates Julian calendar -his enemies plotted against him because they feared he would seek to end the republic -he was murdered on March 15, 44 BCE in the senate -new civil wars and power struggles began | 61 | |
| 6908008148 | Who was marc Antony and Octavian? | Marc Antony, Caesar's chief general and Octavian, Caesar's grandnephew hunted down his murderers, but fought against each other in a struggle for power | 62 | |
| 6908016744 | Battle of Actium | in 31 BCE, Octavian finally defeated Antony and his ally, Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt | 63 | |
| 6908019362 | Octavian becomes Augustus | , the first emperor of Rome | 64 | |
| 6908023685 | under Augustus, the 500-year-old republic came to an end Augustus provided for | -stable government -civil service -self-government in the provinces -created a census -postal service -new coins -new roads and temples | 65 | |
| 6908029358 | Pax Romana | -The time period between Roman emperors Augustus and Marcus Aurelius became known as the "Roman Peace" -Roman rule brought peace, order, and prosperity to the empire which stretched from Britain in the west to the Euphrates River in the east -roads were built and maintained, trade flourished, cultural diffusion, spread of Hellenistic culture, the Silk Road brought goods from China and the Far East | 66 | |
| 6908038690 | Roman Achievement | -adoption of Hellenistic culture -new Greco-Roman civilization from blend trade and travel during Pax Romana helped spread this new civilization -engineering: aqueducts, the wealthy had water piped in, public baths, bridges, harbors | 67 | |
| 6908045635 | The Rise of Christianity in rome | -originated in 1st century CE -Life and teachings of Jesus -spread by followers, initially among Jews -message appealed to the poor -Roman roads helped spread the religion -Christians were persecuted for not worshipping emperor -Emperor Nero, blamed great fire on Christians in 64 CE -Emperor Constantine adopted Christianity in 312 CE -he passes Edict of Milan, granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the empire | 68 | |
| 6908050785 | The Fall of Rome | -Pax Romana ended after the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 CE -political violence became common-26 Emperors in 50 year period -high taxes, loss of farmland -military-weakened Roman legions, use of mercenaries -political-lost support of people, too authoritarian, corrupt officials, civil wars over succession, Eastern Empire didn't help Western Empire -economic-heavy taxes, overuse of slave labor, abandonment of farmland, disappearance of middle class, population decline due to war and disease -social-decline in patriotism, change in upper class from devoted patrons to greedy aristocracy | 69 | |
| 6908055324 | Diocletian | -In 284, Diocletian divided empire into two parts: Eastern Empire, Western Empire. He ruled the Eastern, while Maximilian ruled the West. Diocletian ruled the much richer half | 70 | |
| 6908057756 | In 312, Constantine | moved the eastern capital to Byzantium and changed the name to Constantinople he tolerated Christianity and converted | 71 | |
| 6908067621 | Germanic Tribes | -When the Huns invaded eastern Europe from central Asia, many Germanic tribes were forced to flee into Roman territory to seek protection -these Germanic tribes eventually take control of much of Rome's territory -by the 5th century, Rome lost Britain, France and Spain -in 476, Odoacer ousted the last emperor from Rome (Romulus Augustulus) | 72 |