biochemistry Flashcards

8480421753	carbohydrates	compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body	0
8480424332	lipids	nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol	1
8480429246	Proteins	Amino Acids	2
8480436567	Monosaccharide	A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.	3
8480441074	Monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	4
8480441077	polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.	5
8480445065	nucleic acids	DNA and RNA	6
8480446355	glucose		7
8480448170	lactose		8
8480449934	Maltose		9
8480451352	Sucrose		10
8480457637	Triglyceride		11
8480462239	Glycerol		12
8480470740	Dehydration Synthesis	A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.	13
8480470743	Hydrolysis		14
8480483297	Positive Control	Group expected to have a positive result.	15
8480485683	Negative Control	Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome.	16
8480487826	Starch	A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.	17
8480490233	Biuret's solution		18
8480497816	Saturated	Fats with the maximum number of hydrogens.	19
8480500967	Unsaturated	Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains	20
8480506816	Macromolecule	A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules	21
8480509066	Amino Acids	Building blocks of protein	22
8480511918	Polysaccharide	Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides	23
8480511921	Disaccharide	A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.	24
8480515487	Galactose		25
8480518979	Lactose		26
8480556396	Organic Compound	Compounds that contain carbon	27
8480564122	Inorganic Compound	a compound that does not have both hydrogen and carbon	28
8480566669	Cohesion	Attraction between molecules of the same substance	29
8480573800	Adhesion	An attraction between molecules of different substances	30
8480576857	Polarity	A lack of electrical symmetry in a molecule. Charge differences on opposite ends of a structure.	31
8480578339	Solubility	A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.	32
8628967966	emulsification	physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules	33
8628967969	enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing	34
8628971467	pancreas	gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food	35
8628971468	dueodenum	Connected to the stomach by the pyloric sphincter; majority of absorption occurs here	36
8628973865	stomach	large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food	37
8628977990	Digestive system		38
8628981845	active site	A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme.	39
8628981849	small instestine	part of the digestive tract that functions as the primary site of nutrient absorption in monogastric	40
8628983937	liver	produces bile	41
8628986815	mechanical digestion	Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to break down food	42
8628986819	large intestine	Absorbs water and forms feces	43
8628992139	amylose	unbranched starch	44
8628994698	protease	enzyme that digests protein	45
8628994701	absorption	The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood	46
8628996565	lactose intolerance	the inability to completely digest the milk sugar lactose	47
8628999393	steroid	lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings	48
8628999394	pepsin	An enzyme present in gastric juice that begins the hydrolysis of proteins	49
8629003715	quaternary structure	Results from two or more polypeptide subunits.	50
8629007488	insulin	Hormone produced by the pancreas that helps to decrease blood sugar.	51
8629010753	primary structure	sequence of amino acids	52
8629014803	rectum	The last part of the digestive tract, through which stools are eliminated	53
8629014804	anus	A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body	54
8629017429	maltase	an enzyme that acts upon maltose and converts it into glucose	55
8629021332	fatty acid chain	Make up saturated fat, carbon surrounded by hydrogens	56
8629021334	chyme	Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach.	57
8629023279	secondary structure	level of protein structure consisting of beta pleated sheets and alpha helices	58
8629030282	protein folding	the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape	59
8629034660	pancreatic juice	Alkaline mixture of water, enzymes, zymogens, sodium bicarbonate and other electrolytes	60
8629038589	tertiary structure	the 3 dimensional shape that allows proteins to form a globular shape	61
8629045798	Peptide bond	A bond that links amino acids together in a protein.	62
8629050359	Iodine solution	Used to test for starch. Changes color from yellow-brown to blue-black if starch is present.	63
8629054928	Fructose	Monosaccharide	64