Biochemistry Flashcards

8621650111	Active site	enzyme region where substrate molecules bind to undergo chemical reaction	0
8621650112	allosteric site	enzyme region where molecule other than substrate can bind, changing the shape and activity of enzyme	1
8621650113	amino acid	containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group	2
8621650114	amphipathic	A molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region.	3
8621650115	anabolic	A process in which large molecules are built from small molecules	4
8621650116	carbohydrate	compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body	5
8621650117	carbon	the element that is the chemical basis for all life on earth	6
8621650118	catabolic	A process in which large molecules are broken down	7
8621650119	catalyst	substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction	8
8621650120	coenzyme	nonprotein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme	9
8621650121	denaturation	loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor	10
8621650122	disaccharide	a sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides linked by a dehydration reaction	11
8621650123	hydrogen bond	weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom	12
8621650124	hydrophilic	attracted to water	13
8621650125	hydrophobic	water fearing	14
8621650126	ion	atom that has a positive or negative charge	15
8621650127	lipid	a fatty substance that does not dissolve in water	16
8621650128	macromolecule	A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules	17
8621650129	monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	18
8621650130	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate	19
8621650131	nonpolar molecule	molecule that shares electrons equally and does not have oppositely charged ends	20
8621650132	nucleic acid	a long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides; DNA and RNA	21
8621650133	organic molecule	carbon-based molecule	22
8621650134	peptide bond	covalent bond formed between amino acids	23
8621650135	polar molecule	molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges	24
8621650136	polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together	25
8621650137	protein	a polymer made of monomers called amino acids	26
8621650138	substrate	reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction	27
8621650139	water	universal solvent, non-organic, hydrogen bonds	28