Biochemistry Flashcards

5910106831	Organic Compounds	Contains carbon (C) bonded with other elements, especially C, O, H, N Biologically "living" things	0
5910107022	Inorganic Compounds	Everything else, ex. H2O, O2	1
5910109251	Water	Inorganic, Chemical structure dictates properties and biological functions Properties of _____: Polar molecule; -overall neutral but slight charge end to end -dissolves other molecules, therefore an effective solvent	2
5910114326	Adhesion	Attractive force between unlike substances -Results in Capillarity: water moves through/up narrow tube or pores against gravity	3
5910114445	Cohesion	Attractive forces between like substances -Causes H2O to change its temperature very slowly	4
5910119169	Carbon	Has 4 outer shell electrons (e-): wants 8 electrons Shares its 4 electrons (e-) with 4 more e-of adjacent atoms (often C, O, H, and/or P/N) As each carbon atom creates 4 covelant bonds around itself a variety of sizes and shapes of molecules result: -chains -rings -networks (or branches)	5
5910119170	Monomer	basic molecule, a building block, containing C, O, H (1 brick)	6
5910121303	Polymer	created from 2 or more monomer that link together	7
5910123650	Macromolecule	very large polymer (1000's monomer)	8
5910129355	Condensation (Dehydration) Reaction	reaction linking monomers together to form polymer (to build larger molecules)	9
5910134429	Hydrolysis	reaction breaking bonds in polymer to form monomers (breaking down large molecules)	10
5910134430	Organic Compound Groups	4 major groups: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids	11
5910140142	Carbohydrates	Consists or C : H : O in a 1 : 2 : 1 ratio Importance: QUICK energy (starch), structural support in plants, product of photosynthesis	12
5910142109	Monosaccharide	Monomer of the Carbohydrate (simple sugars - ex: glucose, fructose, galactose) Chemical formula: C6H12O6 ring	13
5910143598	Disaccharide	2 monosaccharides	14
5910147118	Polysaccharide	3+ monomers of carbohydrates Starch found in plants, Glycogen found in animals, Cellulose found in plant cell walls	15
5910542431	Isomer	Different physical arrangements of the same numbers and types of atoms	16
5910149662	Lipids (fats)	Consists of lots of C and H, a little O Do not dissolve in water (Hydrophobic) Importance: Plants; cuticle, waxy coating on plant leaves prevents dehydration, Earwax; in animals serves as waterproof, insect repellent, Lipids store lots of energy in many C-H bonds, Forms cell membranes	17
5910161388	Fatty Acid	Monomer of Lipids in the form of a chain	18
5910189155	Triglyceride	Fat polymer, 3 fatty acids and a glycerol At room temperature, fats generally are liquid in plants, solid in animals	19
5910198634	Proteins	Consist of C, H, O, N Importance: -found in skin and muscles of animals -found in milk, soy products, meat, nuts, eggs -creates enzymes which run chemical reactions inside of cells, help to run metabolism, act as intermediary catalysts in metabolism -speed up, reactions help chemical reactions to occur but they don't get used up in the reaction	20
5910201371	Amino Acids	Monomer of the protein, 20 different are possible each had a similar basic structure	21
5910201372	Dipeptide	2 amino acids bonded together	22
5910204685	Polypeptide	3+ amino acid bonded together	23
5910206481	Peptide Bond	Covelant bond between individual amino acids in a polypeptide	24
5910211994	Nucleic Acids	Consists of C, O, N, H, P Importance: 1 gene is the code (instructions) for 1 protein	25
5910211995	Nucleotide	Monomer of Nucleic Acids N-bases >>> pair up \| A-T G-C	26
5910214831	DNA	Deoxyribonucleic Acid Contains genetic material = chromosomes = many genes each strand of ___ contains many genes	27
5910214832	RNA	Ribonuleic Acid Messenger between DNA and the rest of the cell Transfers genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm to build proteins	28