Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 4974438409 | What two groups are chemical compounds divided into? | Inorganic and Organic | 0 | |
| 4974445801 | Inorganic Compounds DO NOT contain: | carbon bonded to hydrogeon | 1 | |
| 4974472088 | Water is a _______ compound | inorganic | 2 | |
| 4974480833 | Adhesion- | attraction between unlike molecules | 3 | |
| 4974485399 | Capillarity- | ability of water to spread upward through pores | 4 | |
| 4974491150 | Cohesion- | attraction between like molecules | 5 | |
| 4974496341 | ___ causes surface tension | Cohesion | 6 | |
| 4974499059 | Surface Tension- | cohesive force of water at the surface | 7 | |
| 4974520388 | Organic Compounds contain.. | Carbon bonded to hydrogeon | 8 | |
| 4974528972 | How is carbon unique? | -contains 4 strong and stable covalent bonds. -Bonds can be single double or triple. -Forms long carbon chains;bonds with self. -Chains can be straight or form rings. | 9 | |
| 4974579233 | study single, double, and triple bonds. |  | 10 | |
| 4974593692 | Functional group: | Group of atoms that influence molecular characteristics. | 11 | |
| 4974610645 | Water is like a.. | magnet | 12 | |
| 4974614001 | Water is... | charged | 13 | |
| 4974617085 | When molecules become polar, the compound becomes... | charged | 14 | |
| 4974624789 | hydroxyl gp (-OH); | makes molecules polar | 15 | |
| 4974800761 | Polymerization: | process where large compounds are formed by joining smaller compounds. | 16 | |
| 4974809061 | Small compounds= | Monomers | 17 | |
| 4974811456 | Large Compounds= | Polymers | 18 | |
| 4974814457 | Polymers are made up of _____ monomers | 5 or more | 19 | |
| 4974817125 | Giant Polymers= | Macromolecules | 20 | |
| 4974825156 | Dehydration Synthesis aka "Condensation Reaction" is... | the process of removing water to join together monomers | 21 | |
| 4974838521 | Glucose+Fructose yield>>> | Sucrose+water | 22 | |
| 4974843519 | Hydrolysis: | water added back in to split apart monomers | 23 | |
| 4974855574 | What are the 4 important groups of macromolecules? | Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids | 24 | |
| 4974866168 | Carbs are... | starches, sugars, and fibers | 25 | |
| 4974869019 | Carbs are made up of ... | Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen | 26 | |
| 4974881559 | The ratio for carbs is: | 1:2:1 | 27 | |
| 4974886076 | 3 types of carbs are: | Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides | 28 | |
| 4974896699 | Carbs are the primary source of: | energy for living things | 29 | |
| 4974903389 | 3 examples of monosaccharides: | Glucose, Galactose, Fructose | 30 | |
| 4974906389 | Glucose- | sugar plants produce; blood sugar | 31 | |
| 4974912216 | Galactose- | sugar in milk | 32 | |
| 4974914039 | Fructose- | fruit sugar | 33 | |
| 4974928982 | Formula for all 3: | C6H12O6 | 34 | |
| 4974935238 | Isomers- | differ in arrangement of atoms | 35 | |
| 4974949724 | Disaccharides- | formed from 2 monosaccharides | 36 | |
| 4974955393 | 3 examples of disaccharides: | Sucrose Maltose Lactose | 37 | |
| 4974965927 | Sucrose- | table sugar | 38 | |
| 4974968318 | Maltose- | malt sugar | 39 | |
| 4974970240 | Lactose- | milk sugar (disaccharide in milk) | 40 | |
| 4974984223 | This is how sugar is stored: | Polysaccharides | 41 | |
| 4974988643 | Polysaccharides: | largest carbs; many monomers | 42 | |
| 4974993503 | 3 examples of polysaccharides: | Starch (plants) Cellulose (trees/plants) Glycogen (animals) | 43 | |
| 4975003342 | Starch (plants): | potatoes, grain | 44 | |
| 4975006765 | Cellulose (plants/trees) | wood, paper | 45 | |
| 4975009084 | Glycogen (animals) | stored in liver and muscles | 46 | |
| 5025817174 | Proteins contain what elements? | Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen | 47 | |
| 5025838837 | Proteins are polymers of? | Amino Acids | 48 | |
| 5025845309 | Amino Acids have what two ends on their structure? | Amine Group, Carboxyl Group | 49 | |
| 5025852926 | Protein= | 1 or more polypeptide chains | 50 | |
| 5025856387 | What is a peptide? | a covalent bond that joins 2 amino acids | 51 | |
| 5025875658 | 2 a.a. (joined by 1 peptide bond)= | dipeptide | 52 | |
| 5025879674 | 3 a.a. (2 peptide bonds)= | tripeptide | 53 | |
| 5025888368 | Many a.a. | polypeptides | 54 | |
| 5025909790 | What reaction forms a dipeptide? | condensation reaction | 55 | |
| 5026067440 | 4 roles of proteins: | Enzymes Membrane pumps Cell Movement Structure: muscles, hair | 56 | |
| 5026088841 | True or false: Enzymes are involved in most body reactions | True | 57 | |
| 5026092457 | Enzymes act as a ______ in most things | catalyst | 58 | |
| 5026125317 | A catalyst is: | any factor that speeds up a chemical reaction | 59 | |
| 5026130021 | Catalysts speed reactions by... | binding to substrate at the active site | 60 | |
| 5026142766 | "enzyme specificity" | each enzyme catalyzes a specific reaction | 61 | |
| 5026150547 | True or false: Enzymes CANNOT be reused | false | 62 | |
| 5026154840 | Enzymes _____ the activation energy required to start a reaction | reduce | 63 | |
| 5026159180 | Lipids; compounds that are... | waxy or oily | 64 | |
| 5026161645 | Are lipids polar or nonpolar? | nonpolar | 65 | |
| 5026163293 | Nonpolar: | cannot dissolve in water; only in other lipids | 66 | |
| 5026167638 | Lipids ___________ than carbs | store more energy | 67 | |
| 5026170846 | 3 roles of lipids: | Store Energy Function as chemical messengers Form Cell membranes | 68 | |
| 5026180199 | Lipids are formed from... | fatty acids (monomer) | 69 |