Biochemistry Flashcards

8091403600	endothermic	a chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than i release;products have a higher bond energy than reactants	0
8091410506	hydrogen bond	an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom,such as oxygen and nitrogen	1
8091426663	nucleic acid	the type of molecule that stores genetic information in living things; such as DNA and RNA. Made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base	2
8091440319	bond energy	the amount of energy needed to break a chemical bond;the amount of energy released when a bond forms	3
8091447525	solution	a certain type of mixture; formed when one substance, such as water, dissolves other substances	4
8091453695	enzyme	allows chemical reactions to take place under the tightly controlled conditions in living things. in almost all cases-protein	5
8091467886	compound	chemical bonds hold together; always contain atoms of more than one element	6
8091472797	fatty acid	carbon chain found in many lipids; can be either saturated or unsaturated	7
8091484090	ion	has a positive charge if loses an electron or a negative charge when loses an electron	8
8091493874	substrate	a reactant an enzyme acts on; bind to an enzyme's active site	9
8091504823	protein	many different types have many different functions in living things; made of amino acids	10
8091511251	pH	the measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution; low solution is very acidic	11
8091516537	activation energy	the amount of energy that is needed for a chemical reaction to start; after added, the reaction can take place on its own	12
8091521165	molecule	held together by covalent bonds; can be made of atoms of just one element	13
8091525304	isotope	an atom of the same element that has the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons	14
8091528041	what charge do protons have?	positive charge	15
8091529144	what charge do electrons have?	negative charge	16
8091530304	what charge do neutrons have?	neutral charge	17
8091531859	polarity	unequal sharing of electrons	18
8091533953	atom	the smallest unit of matter	19
8091537860	valence shell	the outermost shell	20
8091544483	what are the elements commonly found in organisms?	carbon and nitrogen	21
8091546742	atomic mass	the sum total of protons and neutrons	22
8091548788	covalent bond	non-metal elements share electrons to complete outer shells	23
8091554080	ionic bond	metal and nonmetal elements lose/gain electrons to complete outer shells	24
8091557921	properties of water (7)	1. polar 2. cohesion 3. surface tension 4. expands when frozen 5. adhesion 6. capillary action 7. resists temperature changes	25
8091576290	polar covalent bond	bond between oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water	26
8091578439	cohesion	the ability of a molecule to stick to other molecules of the same kind (water molecules stick to other water molecules)	27
8091585924	surface tension	a "skin" on water ex: insects on water paperclip on water	28
8091589730	adhesion	the ability of a molecule to stick to another different molecule ex: water on the sides of a straw	29
8091597380	capillary action	a liquid moving upward and defying gravity ex: water molecules moving up a plant	30
8091601007	why can ice float in water?	ice is less dense than water due to hollow spaces in ice	31
8091603688	mixture	two or more elements combined	32
8091606593	solvent	part that is doing the dissolving ex: water	33
8091607373	solute	part being dissolved ex: kool aid powder	34
8091613814	monomer for protein	amino acid	35
8091614751	function of a lipid	used to store energy in living things	36
8091616289	pH of 7	neutral	37
8091620790	an example of a nucleic acid	DNA and RNA	38
8091622631	molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen	carbohydrates	39
8091624488	pH greater than 7 (OH-)	base	40
8091628807	made up of nucleotides	nucleic acid	41
8091630088	function of a carbohydrate	main source of short-term energy for living things	42
8091632762	monomer of a lipid	3 fatty acids and glycerol	43
8091633405	function of a protein	helps transport substances into or out of cells	44
8091635680	function of nucleic acids	store/transmit hereditary information	45
8091643586	molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur	protein	46
8091647257	has a pH of 0-7 (H+)	acid	47
8091651298	example of carbohydrate	sugar (-ose)	48
8091652973	example of a lipid	olive oil	49
8091655793	monomer of carbohydrates	monosaccharides	50