Biochemistry Flashcards

9077729145	Carbon compounds	contain carbon, make up living things Can form 4 bonds Bonds can be with other elements or carbon Can be lots of shapes and sizes	0
9077729146	Functional groups	Special groups of atoms that usually participate in reactions Give different compounds different properties All functional groups important to life are polar	1
9077729147	Hydrophilic	Water loving	2
9077729148	Hydrophobic	Water hating	3
9077729149	Macromolecules	Gigantic molecules, thousands of atoms	4
9077729150	4 Types of Macromolecules	Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids	5
9077729151	Monomers	Individual building blocks of polymers	6
9077729152	Polymers	Chains of identical or similar molecules	7
9077729153	Carbohydrates	Main source of energy for cellular work	8
9077729154	Organic	Mostly carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H)	9
9077729155	Inorganic	Other elements, little or no C	10
9077729156	Dehydration Synthesis	Added monomers lose H or OH Release water Bond at oxygen - forms a bridge Polymer formed Building polymers/monomers together	11
9077729157	Hydrolysis Reaction	Water added to break bonds in polymers Reverse of dehydration synthesis Breaking polymers apart	12
9077729158	4 Characteristics of Carbohydrates	Made up of rings (or ring looking structure) Made up of ration CH2O End in "ose" OH (hydroxyl group)	13
9077729159	Monosaccharide	monomer Simple sugar	14
9077729160	Disaccharide	2 monosaccharides bonded Double sugar	15
9077729161	Polysaccharide	3 or more monosaccharides bonded Complex carb	16
9077729162	Function of Carbs	Short term energy Storage: polysaccharides	17
9077729163	Glycogen	How animals store excess sugar Mostly stored in liver and muscle cells When your glucose levels are low, broken down	18
9077729164	Starch	How plants store extra sugar Humans and other animals can break down Examples: potatoes, plantains, rice	19
9077729165	Cellulose	Structural Make plants rigid Cell walls Can't be broken down by humans and animals Examples: corn, legumes, lettuce	20
9077729166	Lipids	Made mostly of C and H, some O and P Mostly nonpolar Hydrophobic Common lipids: fat, oils, waxes	21
9077729167	Main Function of Lipids	Energy storage (long term)	22
9077729168	Additional functions of lipids	Cushioning and insulation	23
9077729169	Monomers that make up lipids	Glycerol and fatty acids	24
9077729170	Saturated Fat	No double bonds in the fatty acid Solid at room temperature SATURATED with hydrogens	25
9077729171	Unsaturated Fat	Double bonds in the fatty acid Liquid at room temperature	26
9077729172	Trans Fat	Really bad for you - causing cancer, diabetes, obesity, other health concerns	27
9077729173	Phospholipids	Glycerol with only two fatty acids Major component of CELL MEMBRANES Form a double layer in water	28
9077729174	Waxes	Protective coat for fruits and animals	29
9077729175	Hormones	Steroids	30
9077729176	Proteins (Function)	Structure, storage, defense, transport, and speeding up reactions Found in hair, muscles, feathers Common foods: meat, eggs, nuts	31
9077729177	Proteins (Structure)	Monomers: amino acids Amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen and R group Only 20 different R genes Polymers: polypeptides STRUCTURE = FUNCTION	32
9077729178	Protein Synthesis	Link between the C and the N: peptide bond 2 amino acids joined = dipeptide bond	33
9077729179	Primary Protein Structure	Chain of amino acids	34
9077729180	Denaturation	Unravel/altar structure of a protein DESTROY	35
9077729181	Secondary Protein Structure	Folding/coiling pattern	36
9077729182	Tertiary Structure	Overall 3D shape	37
9077729183	Quaternary Structure	Multiple polypeptide chains twisted together	38
9077729184	Nucleic Acids Function	Store and transmit genetic information Heredity/genetics	39
9077729185	Nucleic Acid monomers	Nucleotides	40
9077729186	Two types of nucleic acids	DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA - Ribonucleic Acid	41
9077729187	Nucleic Acid Structure	Made of C, H, O, N and P 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base	42