Biochemistry Flashcards

7467716798	carbohydrate	"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)	0
7467716799	pH scale	a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral.	1
7467716800	compound	A pure substance made of two or more elements CHEMICALLY combined.	2
7467716801	molecule	A neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds; smallest unit of a compound joined together	3
7467716802	cell	Basic unit of life	4
7467716803	element	A pure substance made of only one kind of atom	5
7467716804	organic	Carbon-containing	6
7467716805	inorganic	Does not contain carbon; Not formed from living things or the remains of living things	7
7467716806	protein	A macromolecule that contains the principal components of organisms; performs a variety of structural and regulatory functions for cells.	8
7467716807	energy storage	what carbohydrates and lipids do	9
7467716808	active site	Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.	10
7467716809	activation energy	the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction	11
7467716810	saturated fat	A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms; A fat that is solid at room temperature	12
7467716811	unsaturated fat	A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms; A fat that is liquid at room temperature	13
7467716812	fatty acid	Building Blocks of Lipids; produced when fats are digested; simple forms of fat that supply energy fuel for most of the body's cells;	14
7467716813	polar molecule	Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end	15
7467716814	macromolecule	A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules; a molecule containing a very large number of atoms.	16
7467716815	catalyst	a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected	17
7467716816	enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing;(lock)	18
7467716817	substrate	A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme;(key)	19
7467716818	polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together (many)	20
7467716819	monomer	small chemical unit that makes up a polymer (one)	21
7467716820	polysaccharide	A polymer of thousands of simple sugars; Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides (many)	22
7467716821	disaccharide	A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together.	23
7467716822	monosacchride	single sugar molecule	24
7467716823	fructose	A monosaccharide found mostly in fruit and honey	25
7467716824	cellulose	A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked that provide structural support in plant cell walls.	26
7467716825	lipid	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes.	27
7467716826	nucleotide	A building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.	28
7467716827	amino acid	Building blocks of protein	29
7467716828	nucleic acid	composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells	30
7467716829	peptide	The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid	31
7467716830	triglyceride	Composed of three molecules of fatty acids joined to one molecule of glycerol	32
7467716831	glycerol	A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are bonded together to make fats and oils.	33
7467716832	maltose	a 12-carbon sugar that is formed by the union of two glucose units (a disaccharide)	34
7467716833	enzyme activity	the ability of an enzyme to do work and is mainly dependent on substrate concentration	35
7467716834	enzyme substrate complex	A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s).	36