Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 6003399224 | Element | Basic building block of physical matter. Cannot be broken down to simpler structure. | 0 | |
| 6003402423 | Atom | The smallest unit of an element. | 1 | |
| 6003404323 | Compound | A chemical substance composed of two or more atoms of elements. | 2 | |
| 6003409862 | Molecule | The smallest unit of a compound. | 3 | |
| 6003412947 | pH Scale | The scale that is used to identify acids and bases (ranges from 0-14), acids are below 7, bases are above 7, neutral is equal to 7. | 4 | |
| 6003421345 | Polymer | A substance made of "many parts". | 5 | |
| 6003424695 | Organic Compound | Grouping of elements that always includes carbon. Essential to life's cellular processes. | 6 | |
| 6003428759 | Carbohydrate | Organic compound that is the quickest energy source for life. Contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (sugars and starches). | 7 | |
| 6003437201 | Lipid | Organic compound used for long term energy storage and makes up cell membranes. Contains carbon and hydrogen (fat, oil, wax). | 8 | |
| 6003446569 | Protein | Organic compound used for growth and repair that includes the enzyme group. Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. | 9 | |
| 6003453755 | Nucleic Acid | Organic compounds also known as DNA or RNA that code for all genetic information essential to life. Contains hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous. | 10 | |
| 6003462872 | Nucleotide | Monomer of a nucleic acid, composed of a 5-Carbon sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. | 11 | |
| 6003468747 | Amino Acid | Monomer of a protein, includes a variable side chain which makes each one unique. | 12 | |
| 6003473456 | Cellulose | Rigid carbohydrate that is found in the cell wall of plant cells. | 13 | |
| 6003478515 | Insulin | Protein hormone released by the pancreas in response to blood glucose levels. | 14 | |
| 6003483507 | Hemoglobin | Protein in red blood cells containing iron; is responsible for circulating oxygen in the blood stream. | 15 | |
| 6003488062 | Enzyme | A type of protein that breaks compounds down and speeds up reactions. | 16 | |
| 6003492177 | Substrate | The molecule to which an enzyme binds and acts upon (puzzle pieces). | 17 | |
| 6003498552 | Active Site | Site on an enzyme that binds to the substrate and triggers a chemical reaction, also determines the type of substrate to be acted upon. | 18 | |
| 6003507948 | Activation Energy | The necessary energy to start a chemical reaction. | 19 |