Biochemistry Flashcards

7346278242	Primary	Amino acid sequence	0
7346278243	Secondary	alpha helix, beta sheets, etc	1
7346278844	Tertiary	globular, barrel, etc	2
7346279242	Quaternary	multiple units of peptides forming one protein	3
7346280121	degeneracy	the amino acid sequence of a protein can change from species to species and still function in the same way	4
7346281333	Active site residues, contact sites to other proteins	certain areas of primary structure must remain the same	5
7346282579	secondary structure of proteins	the delocalization of electrons along the peptide bond locks the O-C(alpha)-N bonds into a planar relationship -the planar nature of the peptide bond confers limits to protein folding	6
7346292022	Two of 3 bonds	how many bonds in an amino acid can rotate (2 Degrees of freedom) ?	7
7346296104	1. nucleation 2. Growth and coalescence to form regular secondary structure 3. readjustment for maximum overall stability 4. Quaternary association	Steps of protein Folding	8
7346297131	H-bonds between strands	B-sheets confer a great deal of strength due to	9
7346300372	-Antiparallel alpha helix -Parallel beta sheet with parallel alpha helices -antiparallel beta sheet -parallel beta sheet	broad categories of tertiary protein structure	10
7346301420	Globular protein Structure	surface alpha helices can be amphipathic: one side polar, the other nonpolar, aids in packing	11
7346302186	True	True or False beta sheets can be amphipathic too	12
7346302698	enzyme	amylase	13
7346304550	enzyme	glutamine synthetase	14
7346304929	regulatory protein	insulin	15
7346304930	transport protein	hemoglobin	16
7346305251	transport protein	HDL,LDL	17
7346305380	transport protein	Glucose transporter	18
7346305894	storage protein	ovalbumin	19
7346306528	storage protein	casein	20
7346306685	contractile and motile protein	actin	21
7346306970	contractile and motile protein	Myosin	22
7346307251	contractile and motile protein	Tubulin	23
7346307444	Structural protein	collagen	24
7346307617	protective protein	immunoglobulin	25
7346308006	protective protein	Thrombin	26
7346309026	protective protein	Fibrinogen	27
7346309268	protective protein	Fibrin	28
7346311109	Conjugated proteins	contain chemical groups other than amino acids	29
7346311797	conjugated protein	hemoproteins	30
7346312031	conjugated protein	Glycoproteins	31
7346312032	conjugated protein	Lipoproteins	32
7346312220	conjugated protein	Nucleoproteins	33
7346312326	conjugated protein	Phosphoproteins	34
7346312477	conjugated protein	Metalloproteins	35
7346312478	conjugated protein	Flavoproteins	36
7346312900	Alzheimer's Disease	Misfolded b-amyloid peptides form neuritic plaques	37
7346313560	Cancer	p53 (the guardian of the genome) activates DNA repair proteins. Some mutations of p53 result in its misfolding and consequent degradation	38
7346313719	Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease	A normal (water soluble) cellular protein, PrPc is converted to a variant form, PrPSc a prion capable of aggregation due to greater hydrophobicity, forms amyloid plaques in affected cells, causing cell death	39
7346313856	Cystic Fibrosis	misfolding of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) due to single amino acid change. CFTR never makes it to the cell membrane to conduct chloride.	40
7346315428	Transcription	from one type of nucleic acid to other	41
7346315601	Translation	from nucleic acid to protein	42
7346316524	??	What two bonds in an amino acid can rotate ?	43
7346329125	sugar molecules	carbohydrates are made out of	44
7346329650	glycoconjugates	gycolipids and glycoproteins	45
7346331323	glycolipids	carbs linked to lipids form a major component of biological membranes	46
7346331997	glycoproteins	linked to proteins, important for cell signaling and recognition	47
7346332991	monosaccharide	one molecule, like glucose	48
7346335364	arabinose	pectin	49
7346335365	xylose	embryo of edible plants	50
7346335559	allose	isolated from the leaves of the african shrub	51
7346335793	protea	rubropilosa	52
7346335944	altrose	unnatural	53
7346335945	mannose	D-mannose, which appears in some fruits including cranberry, may help prevent the adhesion of bacteria to tissues of the urinary tract and bladder	54
7346340775	gulose	unnatural	55
7346341091	idose	not found in nature, uronic acid	56
7346343510	iduronic acid	component of dermatan sulfate and heparin sulfate which are glycosaminglycans	57
7346344037	talose	unnatural	58
7346344745	different chemical identities	the classification of carbohydrates is based on..	59
7346347535	glucose,galactose,ribose,fructose	common monosaccharides	60
7346347834	glucose	aldohexose: aldehyde-containing 6-carbon sugar	61
7346348479	galactose	aldohexose: aldehyde- containing 6 carbon sugar	62
7346352129	ribose	aldopentose: aldehyde containing 5-carbon sugar	63
7346352340	Fructose	ketohexose: ketone-containing 6-carbon sugar	64
7346355708	levorotary	what enantiomer predominates for amino acids	65
7346357837	dextrorotary	what enantiomer predominates for sugars	66
7346359318	intramolecular reaction where the carbon 5 attacks to carbonyl	how do sugar molecules convert from linear to cyclic forms	67
7346360101	anomeric carbon	isomer where the difference is only the orentation of one hydroxyl are called anomers, and the carbonyl carbon is called the...	68
7346363339	sugar alcohols	sorbitol and mannitol	69
7346364042	laxatives	sugar alcohols (sorbitol and mannitol) also act as	70
7346366560	amino sugars	monosaccharides that have amine groups attached	71
7346367238	amino sugar	glucosamine	72
7346369139	oligosaccharides	chains of sugar molecules	73
7346377268	polymerization of the individual molecules	sugar storage in higher organisms is accomplished through	74