Biochemistry Flashcards

8701136334	Element	Basic building block of physical matter. Cannot be broken down to a simpler structure	0
8701157077	Atom	the smallest unit of an element	1
8701161008	Compound	A chemical substance composed of two or more atoms of elements	2
8701169165	Molecule	the smallest unit of a compound	3
8701187346	pH scale	The scale that is used to identify acids and bases (ranges from 0-14), acids are below 7, bases are above 7, neutral is equal to 7	4
8701202659	Polymer	A substance made of "many parts"	5
8701207015	Organic Compound	Grouping of elements that always includes carbon. Essential to life's cellular processes	6
8701207016	Carbohydrate	Organic Compound that is the quickest energy source for life. contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (sugars and starches)	7
8701210267	Lipid	Organic compound used for long term energy storage and makes up cell membranes. contains carbon and hydrogen (fat, oil, wax)	8
8701210268	Protein	Organic Compound used for growth and repair and includes the enzyme group. contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen	9
8701213761	Nucleic Acid	Organic compounds also know as DNA and RNA that code for all genetic information essential to life. Contains hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous.	10
8701213762	Nucleotide	Monomer of a nucleic acid, composed of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base	11
8701217499	Amino Acid	monomer of a protein, includes a variable side chain which makes each one unique	12
8701217500	Cellulose	Rigid carbohydrate that is found in the cell wall of plant cells	13
8701217501	Insulin	Protein hormone released by the pancreas in response to blood glucose levels	14
8701221975	Hemoglobin	Protein in red blood cells containing iron; is responsible for circulating oxygen in the blood stream.	15
8701221976	Enzyme	A type of protein that breaks compounds down and speeds up reactions	16
8701241077	Substrate	the molecule to which an enzyme binds and acts upon (puzzle pieces)	17
8701241078	Active Site	Site to an enzyme that binds to the substrate and triggers a chemical reaction, also determines the type of substrate to be acted upon	18
8701246022	Activation Energy	The necessary energy to start a chemical reaction	19
8701458241	Structure of a nucleic acid		20
8701460594	Structure of a carbohydrate		21
8701460595	structure of a lipid		22
8701464755	two types of carbohydrates	Sugars and Starches	23
8701474563	Glucose	important sugar used for energy	24
8701478497	another name for complex carbohydrate	starch	25
8701492976	Lipid function	long term energy storage	26
8701495582	Carbohydrate function	quick energy storage and release	27
8701495583	Nucleic acid function	stores and transmits genetic information	28
8701499655	Protein Function	used for growth and repair (found in muscles)	29
8701503094	Class of organic compounds to which enzymes belong	proteins	30
8701511370	Binds with an enzyme	Substrate (at the active site)	31
8701515478	The substrate that catalase breaks down	hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) breaks down h20 and o	32
8701524716	make up all proteins	amino acids	33
8701524717	Total number of amino acids	20	34
8701531798	Examples of carbohydrates	glucose, cellulose, glycogen, starches	35
8701536249	examples of proteins	insulin, hemoglobin, enzymes	36
8701544709	shape of a protein determines	function	37
8701544710	4 organic compounds	carbohydrates, lipid, proteins, nucleic acids	38
8701548478	how do enzymes function	lower the activation energy needed to carry out reactions	39
8701555117	function of an enzyme	speeds up chemical reactions and breaks things down	40