Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 8781670762 | biology | the study of life | 0 | |
| 8781673812 | bio | means life (root word) | 1 | |
| 8781676990 | ology | the study of (root word) | 2 | |
| 8781679107 | Plantae | kingdom of plants | 3 | |
| 8781681977 | Animalia | kingdom of animals | 4 | |
| 8781684218 | Fungi | kingdom of fungi such as mushrooms | 5 | |
| 8781690243 | Protista | kingdom of protists | 6 | |
| 8781692640 | Archaebacteria | kingdom of bacteria that can survive extreme conditions | 7 | |
| 8781697426 | Eubacteria | kingdom of normal bacteria | 8 | |
| 8781701302 | biotic | includes living things | 9 | |
| 8781704030 | organism | the scientific name for a living thing | 10 | |
| 8781711586 | abiotic | the nonliving parts | 11 | |
| 8781722911 | synthesis | a component of life; means to make something | 12 | |
| 8781735890 | transport | a component of life; how an organism moves materials. | 13 | |
| 8781744709 | excretion | a component of life; how an organism removes waste. | 14 | |
| 8781750156 | respiration | a component of life; an organism creates energy/ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) | 15 | |
| 8781757632 | nutrition | a component of life; what an organism eats or how it obtains its energy | 16 | |
| 8781767415 | growth | a component of life; how an organism develops over time. | 17 | |
| 8781771231 | regulation | a component of life; an organism must maintain homeostasis. | 18 | |
| 8781775526 | reproduction | a component of life; how an organism reproduces | 19 | |
| 8781780451 | metabolism | the breaking down of one's food to obtain energy | 20 | |
| 8781789044 | atom | the basic unit of matter | 21 | |
| 8781789048 | proton | a positively charged particle | 22 | |
| 8781792241 | neutron | a neutral particle found in the nucleus | 23 | |
| 8781794303 | electron | a negatively charged particle that is much smaller | 24 | |
| 8781797344 | element | a pure substance made of only one kind of atom | 25 | |
| 8781799673 | atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom | 26 | |
| 8781802014 | atomic mass | the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus | 27 | |
| 8781809931 | isotopes | one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons | 28 | |
| 8781811684 | ion | a charged atom | 29 | |
| 8781814401 | chemical bond | the force that holds two atoms together | 30 | |
| 8781819153 | covalent bond | a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule | 31 | |
| 8781820784 | ionic bond | a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. | 32 | |
| 8781823213 | compound | a substance that consists of 2 or more different elements chemically bonded. | 33 | |
| 8781828790 | molecule | a substance that consists of 2 or more elements | 34 | |
| 8781836473 | hydrogen bonds | weak bonds between water molecules due to their partial positive and negative charge. | 35 | |
| 8781842043 | cohesion | the slight attraction of water to itself | 36 | |
| 8781844204 | adhesion | the slight attraction of water to other substances | 37 | |
| 8781849041 | solute | the substance that is dissolved | 38 | |
| 8781851448 | solvent | the substance that does the dissolving | 39 | |
| 8781853712 | water | the universal solvent; it can dissolve a lot of things | 40 | |
| 8781859563 | ph | a measure of how acidic a substance is | 41 | |
| 8781862906 | acid | a substance that releases hydrogen ions when in water | 42 | |
| 8781866518 | base | a substance that releases hydroxide ions when in water | 43 | |
| 8781874820 | alkaline | another word to describe a base | 44 | |
| 8781878660 | buffer | a compound that resists a change in its pH | 45 | |
| 8781887996 | organic compound | a compound that contains a CH bond | 46 | |
| 8781891671 | inorganic compound | a compound that does not contain a CH bond | 47 | |
| 8781894720 | polymerization | the process that creates polymers | 48 | |
| 8781897260 | dehydration synthesis | the process used to polymerize several monomer units; water is a byproduct of the chemical reaction and is dealt separately. | 49 | |
| 8781907340 | hydrolysis | the adding of water to break a polymer into its individual subunits | 50 | |
| 8781913494 | catabolic | a type of reaction that breaks down a molecule | 51 | |
| 8781915267 | anabolic | a type of reaction that builds a larger molecule | 52 | |
| 8810669328 | carbohydrate | a compound made of C, H and O and a 1:2:1 ratio that provides short term energy | 53 | |
| 8810677209 | monosaccharide | a simple sugar or a monomer of carbohydrates; glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, ribose | 54 | |
| 8810686829 | polysaccharide(s) | long chains of monosaccharides that can store energy or act as structural compounds. | 55 | |
| 8810699917 | glucose | the energy that is created by plants using photosynthesis; used by animals for cellular respiration | 56 | |
| 8810710655 | fructose | a sugar with the same molecular formula as glucose but is much sweeter and processed differently by the body. | 57 | |
| 8810721914 | disaccharide | two carbohydrates that are combined using a covalent bond. | 58 | |
| 8810731120 | glycosidic bond | a bond that attaches carbohydrates | 59 | |
| 8810736684 | sucrose | a disaccharide that is table sugar; a glucose and a fructose molecule combined. | 60 | |
| 8810749800 | starch | a means for plants and animals to store energy | 61 | |
| 8810751761 | glycogen | a branchlike polysaccharide that stores short term energy in animals (typically in the liver or muscles); animal starch | 62 | |
| 8810766100 | amylose | a simple starch found in plants that stores their short term energy. | 63 | |
| 8810783345 | cellulose | the polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls. | 64 | |
| 8810787361 | chitin | the polysaccharide that makes up insect exoskeletons | 65 | |
| 8810790886 | benedict's solution | a solution that is used to test for a monosaccharide by heating the final mixture | 66 | |
| 8810804351 | lugol's iodine solution | a solution that is used to test for polysaccharides | 67 | |
| 8810813579 | lipid | fat; stores long term energy; contains more CH bonds. | 68 | |
| 8810820705 | glycerol | Three-carbon compound with three hydroxyl groups (OH) | 69 | |
| 8810826820 | fatty acid | a long carbon hydrogen chain with a hydroxyl group at the end. | 70 | |
| 8810836113 | saturated fat | Mostly animal fat; saturated with hydrogen; can be packed more tightly to form solids at room temperature. | 71 | |
| 8810844246 | unsaturated fat | Mostly plant fat; not fully saturated with hydrogen; typically a liquid at room temperature. | 72 | |
| 8810850699 | cholesterol | a compound common in cell membranes and also in many hormones. | 73 | |
| 8810872872 | sterol | compounds with 4 carbon rings and different combinations of compounds attached to it. | 74 | |
| 8810881153 | wax | a tightly packed chain of fatty acids and carbon rings; extremely hydrophobic; used by trees to prevent transpiration. | 75 | |
| 8810892381 | DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; double helix; adenine to thymine, cytosine to guanine; deoxyribose is used as the backbone of the structure | 76 | |
| 8810918262 | RNA | ribonucleic acid; single strand; adenine to uracil, cytosine to guanine. | 77 | |
| 8823748334 | galactose | a monosaccharide that is made by animals | 78 | |
| 8823755329 | deoxyribose | a pentose sugar used in DNA by all life | 79 | |
| 8823758454 | ribose | a pentose sugar used in RNA by all life | 80 | |
| 8823763122 | lactose | milk sugar; a galactose and a glucose molecule combined by a covalent bond | 81 | |
| 8823770955 | maltose | barley sugar; two glucose molecules | 82 | |
| 8823773893 | FAT | fatty acid tails | 83 | |
| 8823783558 | phospholipid | a phosphate group attached to a glycerol molecule and 2 fatty acids; this molecule makes up cell membranes in animals | 84 | |
| 8823814220 | brown paper bag test | tests for lipids; the bag turns translucent after 15 minutes after a lipid is put. | 85 | |
| 8823844679 | protein(s) | these are compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen | 86 | |
| 8823863454 | peptide bond | a bond between amino acids | 87 | |
| 8823866349 | dipeptide | a protein with 2 amino acids combined by dehydration synthesis | 88 | |
| 8823870502 | polypeptide | a long chain of amino acids of different varieties. | 89 | |
| 8823876601 | side chain | a part of an amino acid that changes while the rest of the structure is identical | 90 | |
| 8823881024 | di | two (root word) | 91 | |
| 8823895017 | primary structure | an amino acid sequence | 92 | |
| 8823901237 | secondary structure | forms either an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet. | 93 | |
| 8823910915 | tertiary structure | results from interactions between side chains; causes the entire polypeptide to fold and bend or repel in various ways | 94 | |
| 8823927175 | quaternary structure | Association of multiple polypeptides, forming a functional protein | 95 | |
| 8823946124 | actin and myosin | proteins that act together to contract muscles. | 96 | |
| 8823958084 | insulin | Hormone produced by the pancreas that helps to decrease blood sugar. | 97 | |
| 8823962105 | hemoglobin | iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells | 98 | |
| 8823967226 | denaturing | term for changing the shape of a protein and making it not work anymore | 99 | |
| 8823998994 | amino acid | a monomer subunit of a polypeptide or a protein | 100 | |
| 8823983051 | enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing | 101 | |
| 8823992044 | nucleic acid | a compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and nitrogen. | 102 | |
| 8823995528 | nucleotide | a monomer of nucleic acids. | 103 | |
| 8824024686 | adenosine triphosphate | a nucleotide that is usable energy for all life forms | 104 | |
| 8842734511 | phosphate group | -PO₄ |  | 105 |
| 8842741588 | amino group | -NH₂ |  | 106 |
| 8842745491 | carboxyl group | -COOH |  | 107 |
| 8842764934 | hydroxyl group | -OH |  | 108 |
| 8842756109 | glucose (molecule) | C₆H₁₂O₆ |  | 109 |
| 8843220759 | Biuret's Solution | Turns from blue to dark purple if it tests positive for a protein. | 110 |