Biochemistry Flashcards

7259575443	Bio	life	0
7259577068	chemistry	chemicals	1
7259578127	Neutral	PH7	2
7259579121	Polar	water molecules are attracted to other water molecules due to opposite changes	3
7259583055	Cohesion	Same substances are attracted to water	4
7259583996	Adhesion	different substances are attracted to water	5
7259585700	mixture	water that is not pure	6
7259587036	solutions	all parts evenly disturbed ex; sweet tea	7
7259588068	solute	what is being dissolved ex; sugar and tea	8
7259591167	solvent	what is doing the dissolving, water is a universal solvent	9
7259593659	cation/ anion	+/- H2O H+ OH-	10
7259596154	ion	molecule that takes positive or negative charge	11
7259599706	Ph scale	1-6 acid, 7 neutral 8-14 base	12
7259602061	Buffers	weak acids or bases that react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden Ph changes	13
7259604722	Reactant	what is used to complete the reaction	14
7259605216	product	what is made after the reaction	15
7259606879	structural formula	picture of the molecule	16
7259608728	Empirical formula	numbers of the reaction	17
7259628537	carbon compounds	organic compounds	18
7259629129	large molecules	polymers are formed by small molecules, monomers	19
7259632633	dehydration synthesis	water is removed from monomers to make polymers	20
7259637066	carbohydrates	Source of energy; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; sugars and starches	21
7259642781	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate One sugar C6 H12 O6	22
7259646289	disaccharide	A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. C6 H22 O11	23
7259652975	formula	C6 H12 O6 + C6 H12 O6 = C12 H24 O12 - H2 O1 = C6 H22 O11	24
7259660792	isomer	have the same empirical formula but different structural formula	25
7259664240	Polysaccharides	complex sugars Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides	26
7259669656	Lactose, Sucrose and Maltose	Disaccharide	27
7259671739	Starches, Glycogen, Cellulose	polysaccharides	28
7259674040	lipids	A fatty substance that does not dissolve in water store energy fats, oils, and waxes glycerol and 3 fatty acids 2 times as much energy stored than carbohydrates greater than a 2:1 ratio	29
7259680121	saturated fats	All single bonds between carbons	30
7259681892	unsaturated fats	double bonds liquid at room temperature	31
7259684236	Proteins	amino acids nutrients that help build and maintain body cells and tissues 20 different amino acids	32
7259688932	amino acid bonds	AA + AA+AA=Protein + water	33
7259691609	peptide	short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds that make protein	34
7259693672	dipetide	2 amino acids linked together	35
7259695299	polypeptide	long chain of amino acids that makes proteins	36
7284588925	enzymes	proteins that act as biological catalysts Proteins that speed up chemical reactions or slow down chemical reactions in cells	37
7284598536	lower activation energy	Faster reaction the amount of energy needed to start the reaction	38
7284631699	lock and key hypothesis	Substrates fit into enzymes like a key fits into a lock There is ONE ENZYME for ONE SUBSTRATE	39
7284636025	substrate	The reactant on which an enzyme works.	40
7284643574	enzyme and substrate	they fit together until the reaction is over, when it is over a product is released and the product starts over again	41
7284656762	nucleic acids	DNA and RNA nucleotide is what they are built with macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus Complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information helps makes proteins	42
7284671193	enzyme concentration	The more enzymes, the greater the rate of chemical reactions more enzymes = more they will collide	43
7284679608	substrate concentration	"Enzyme activity increases as substrate concentration increases" More substrate means more chance encounters between substrate molecules and the enzyme	44
7284793081	optimum temperature	temperature at which organisms grow best. the temperature at which the enzyme has the highest rate of catalysis. human enzymes = 35* - 40* c body temp 37*c	45
7284809851	raise temperature	denature protein, unfold= lose shape	46
7284816290	lower temp.	molecules move slower and decrease collisions	47
7284824278	pH changes	protein shape	48
7284829729	pH 6-8	most human enzymes	49
7284833087	pH 3	stomach	50
7284835850	pH 8	small intestines	51
7301515422	monosaccaride molecule		52
7301516164	lipid molecule		53
7301517230	amino acid molecule		54
7301518216	glycerol molecule		55
7301519544	water molecule		56
7308543736	starch	iodine, positive- blue, black color	57
7308546809	simple sugar	Benedict, positive- orange, blue	58
7308551105	protein lab	Biuret, positive - light purple	59
7308554964	lipids lab	brown paper, positive- translucent	60