Biochemistry Flashcards

8474227690	atom	smallest basic unit of matter	0
8474227691	glucose	A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.	1
8474227692	galactose	A monosaccharide derived from lactose. Helps with central nervous system development	2
8474227693	fructose	fruit sugar	3
8474227694	lactose	milk sugar	4
8474227695	lactase	the enzyme that acts upon lactose	5
8474227696	sucrose	table sugar	6
8474227697	abiotic	Non-living	7
8474227698	element	substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means	8
8474227699	biotic	Living	9
8474227700	matter	Anything that has mass and takes up space	10
8474227702	compound	substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together by a particular ratio	11
8474227706	lipids	nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils	12
8474227707	phosopholipid	molecule that forms a double layered cell membrane; consists of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids.	13
8474227708	fatty acids	hydro carbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid	14
8474227709	steroid	A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.	15
8474227710	hormones	chemical signal that is produced in one part of an organism and affects cell activity in another part	16
8474227711	monomer	molecular subunit of a polymer	17
8474227712	polymer	large carbon based molecule formed by monomers	18
8474227713	carbohydrates	molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches	19
8474227714	starch	A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.	20
8474227715	glycogen	An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.	21
8474227716	polysaccharide	Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides	22
8474227717	monosaccharide	A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.	23
8474227718	disaccharide	A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.	24
8474227719	protein	polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids	25
8474227720	amino acid	molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfer	26
8474227721	enzyme	protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms	27
8474227725	nucleic acid	polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms	28
8474227726	nucleotides	monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen containing base	29
8474227727	DNA	molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms	30
8474227728	RNA	nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis.	31
8474227730	hydrogen bond	attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.	32
8474227734	acid	compound that donates a proton when dissolved in a solution	33
8474227737	electrons	Negatively charged particles	34
8474227738	atomic number	The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom	35
8474227739	biogeochemical cycle	process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another	36
8474227741	chemical bond	an interaction that holds atoms or ions together	37
8474227750	macromolecule	A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules	38
8474227751	metabolism	All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism	39
8474227752	neutron	A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom	40
8474227753	nucleus	A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction	41
8474227754	organic	Carbon-containing	42
8474227756	proton	A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom	43
8474227758	oxygen	A gas that is brought into the body by the respiratory system.	44
8474227759	hydrogen	This element is located in the metal area of the periodic table but it is still a non-metal.	45
8474227760	nitrogen	The most abundant gas in the atmosphere	46
8474227761	carbon	A gas that is expelled from the body by the respiratory system.	47
8474227772	What role do enzymes play in living things and what effects their functions?	Speed up the cells	48
8474227773	polynucleotides	Nucleic acids are polymers	49
8474227774	polypeptides	the long chains of amino acids	50
8474227775	peptides	Chains of amino acids that can function as neurotransmitters or hormones.	51
8474227776	glycerides	simple lipids, most common and consist of glycerol molecule with up to 3 fatty acids attached	52
8474227777	inorganic	Not formed from living things or the remains of living things	53
8474227785	Where are electrons found?	outside the atomic nucleus	54
8474227786	Why do atoms bond?	interaction occur between their electrons	55
8474227787	what are molecules?	collections of atoms bonded because of their atoms	56
8474227796	What is all matter made up of?	atoms	57
8474227798	multiple atoms form a...	molecule	58
8474227799	What do all living things contain?	carbon	59
8474227800	What does carbon have the ability to form?	larger and more complex molecules	60
8474227801	What are polymers made up of?	many monomers	61
8474227802	what are the four groups of polymers?	carbohydrates, proteins, nucleoic acids and lipids	62
8474227803	What are monomers?	single units that make up polymers	63
8474227804	What are carbohydrates?	monosaccharides --> polysaccharides	64
8474227805	What are nucleoic acids?	nucleotide --> polyonucleotides	65
8474227806	What are proteins?	peptides( amino acids) --> polypeptides	66
8474227807	What are lipids?	glysoride(glycerol) + fatty acids	67
8474227808	What are enzymes?	a type of proteins	68
8474227809	How do enzymes speed up the chemical reaction?	Enzymes speed up favorables spontaneous reaction by reducing the activation energy required for the reaction	69