Biochemistry Flashcards

8286185661	atom	particle made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons	0
8286185662	compound	the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in specific amounts	1
8286185663	metabolism	all of the chemical reactions that build or break down materials within an organism	2
8286185664	nucleotide	building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)	3
8286185665	amino acid	building block of a protein	4
8286185666	polypeptide	synonym for protein; chain of amino acids	5
8286185667	chemical bond	link formed by two electrons that binds atoms together; where the energy in a compound is stored	6
8286185668	pH scale	measurement system used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; measures the concentration of H+ ions	7
8286185669	acid	compound that releases H+ ions in solution; pH less than 7	8
8286185670	base	compound that releases OH- ions in solution; pH greater than 7	9
8286185671	monomer	building block or small unit of a polymer; can be linked into chains	10
8286185672	polymer	large molecule made up of smaller building blocks or monomers	11
8286185673	carbohydrate	contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; main source of energy for body, commonly end in "ose"	12
8286185674	monosaccharide	building block of a carbohydrate; simple sugar	13
8286185675	polysaccharide	large carbohydrate made up of monosaccharides, ex. starch and glycogen	14
8286185676	lipid	huge molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen; includes fats, oils, and waxes	15
8286185677	fatty acid	with glycerol, make up the building blocks of lipids	16
8286185678	glycerol	with fatty acids, make up the building blocks of lipids	17
8286185679	protein	contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; makes up cell/body structures and enzymes	18
8286185680	nucleic acid	contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous; involved in protein synthesis	19
8286185681	chemical reaction	process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals	20
8286185682	reactant	chemical that enters a chemical reaction	21
8286185683	product	chemical that results from a chemical reaction	22
8286185684	activation energy	energy needed to start a reaction	23
8286185685	catalyst	substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction	24
8286185686	enzyme	specialized protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by decreasing activation energy; typically end in "ase"	25
8286185687	substrate	reactant that fits with an enzyme	26
8286185688	denaturation	when an enzyme changes shape and no longer functions due to high temperatures or wrong pH	27
8286185689	organic compound	compound that contains carbon bonded to hydrogen and is found in living things	28
8286185690	starch	polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose molecules; food storage molecule for plants	29
8286185691	glycogen	compound used by animals to store carbohydrates in the liver and skeletal muscles	30
8286185692	glucose	simple sugar that is used to make ATP through cellular respiration	31
8286185693	cellulose	polysaccharide that is the main component of plant; not digested (fiber)	32
8286185694	Intermolecular Force	Attraction between molecules	33