Biochemistry Flashcards

7513777737	Intramolecular bonds	within how atoms bond together to form molecules	0
7513783818	Ionic Bonds	transfer of e-	1
7513786479	Covalent bond		2
7513795565	polar covalent bond	electrons shared unequally	3
7513798102	Non-Polar Covalent bond	electrons shared equally	4
7513805959	Intermolecular Bond		5
7513803158	Polar/hydrogen bond	weak attractions between oppositely charged polar zones of different molecules	6
7513830045	properties of water	1)cohesive 2)adhesive 3)Universal solvent 4) surface tension 5) high specific heat 6) high heat of vapor	7
7513842288	pH Scale	power of H+	8
7513845447	Acid	H+ > OH-	9
7513849266	Neutral	H+ = OH-	10
7513853987	base	H+ < OH-	11
7513858657	buffers	-substances that resist change in pH -Biological systems use them to regulate pH -bicarbonate ion	12
7513874612	Carbohydrate	- monosaccharides/simple sugars - Disaccharide - Polysaccharide	13
7513891915	Monosaccharide	-carbohydrate - n(CH2O); 3>n>7 - glucose -fructose	14
7513907179	Glucose	-bloodsugar	15
7513933936	Fructose	- fruit sugar	16
7513950236	Disaccharide	-carbohydrate - 2 monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis - glucose + fructose --> sucrose	17
7513958774	Polysaccharide	- many monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis - Starches - Glycogen --> animals - Cellulose --> Plants - Chitin --> insects	18
7513976979	Fats/Lipids	- (CHO - energy) - 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol --> 1 fat + 3 H20	19
7513990405	Cholesterol	- HDL = good fat - LDL = bad fat	20
7513997898	Animal Fat	- Solid at room temp - Saturated - Butter, lard, bacon	21
7514003282	Plant Fats	- liquids at room temp - Unsaturated - Corn oil, canola oil, olive oil	22
7514015273	Proteins	- polymer of amino acids - 50-3,000 animo acids long	23
7514030831	Structural proteins	- hair, hooves, muscles	24
7514035895	Functional/regulatory proteins	- enzymes, hormones	25
7514039197	enzymes	- speeds up the rate of reaction by lowering activation energy (catalyst) - large proteins - low activation energy	26
7514043195	Amino Acids	- 20 on earth	27
7514053364	Dipeptide	- amino acid + amino acid --> dipeptide + H2O - dehydration synthesis	28
7514074561	Polypeptide	- 3-49 amino acids long	29
7514081622	Nucleic Acids	- DNA/RNA - DNA makes RNA --> RNA makes proteins	30
7514084766	Nucleotides	Monomer of Nucleic acid	31
7514097909	3 parts of a nucleotide	1) 5 Carbon sugar 2) Phosphate group -PO4 3) Nitrogen base	32
7514107149	DNA	- deoxyribose - -PO4 - A, G, C, T - A=T - G=-C (triple bond)	33
7514123970	RNA	- ribose - -PO4 - A, G, C, U - A=U - G=-C (triple bond)	34
7514133207	Ground state	- electron in lowest available energy level	35
7514136706	Excited State	- atom absorbs energy	36
7514140499	Tracer	- radioactive carbon used to track metabollic pathways	37
7514144183	Hydrolysis	- opposite of a dehydration reaction	38
7514158663	Primary Protein Structure	- from sequence of Amino acids	39
7514161982	Secondary Protein Structure	- results from hydrogen bonding	40
7514164681	Tertiary Protein Structure	- intricate 3D conformation - directly responsible for the way it functions and its specificity	41
7514184622	Quaternary Protein Structure	- consists of more than 1 polypeptide chain	42
7514211381	Substrate	Chemical enzyme works on	43
7514217262	Induced-fit model	Describes how enzymes work	44
7514219377	prions	infectious proteins that cause brain damage	45
7514222424	trace elements	- essential but only in minute quantities	46
7514228698	Elements (#s)	- 25 in humans - 92 natural	47
7514238039	Functional groups	- affect molecules function by participating in chemical reactions - polar; hydrophobic except methyl	48
7514250646	Hydroxl group	- -H+ bonded to O-; -OPH, alcohols	49
7514259339	Carbonyl group		50
7514264092	Carboxyl group		51
7514269418	Amino group		52
7514273623	Phosphate Group		53
7514287477	Methyl group		54
7514291022	macromolecules	- smaller molecules joined in to chains by polymers - gigantic	55
7514293962	Phospholipids	- major component of cell membranes - only contains 2 fatty acids = glycerol	56
7514300505	Steroids	- Carbon skeleton containing 4 fused rings	57
7514305822	Denaturation	- protein unravels, losing its specific shape and, as a result, its function	58