Biochemistry Flashcards

4871241854	Amino Acids	Basic building blocks of protein molecules	0
4871241855	Proteins	Large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.	1
4871242641	Enzymes	Type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions	2
4871242642	Peptide Bonds	type of bond formed between amino acids to create a protein	3
4871243628	Carbohydrates	Simple sugars or complex molecules containing multiple sugars	4
4871243629	Lipids	Organic compounds used by cells as long-term energy stores or building blocks as well as protection and insulation. Composed of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen	5
4871245441	Deoxyribonucleic Acid	DNA, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.	6
4871245442	Ribonucleic Acid	RNA, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.	7
4871246880	Polymers	Large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together	8
4871246881	Monomers	A simple molecule that repeatedly combines to form a polymer	9
4871248117	Biomolecules	A molecule (chemical compound) that is important for life. Most contain C, H, and O, and are polymers of smaller subunits	10
4871272010	Nucleic Acids	Complex biomolecules, such as RNA and DNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code.	11
6043921680	Nucleotides	Basic units of DNA and RNA molecules, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 5 nitrogenous bases	12
7396379461	Reactants	A starting material in a chemical reaction	13
7396379462	Products	The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.	14
7396383274	Substrate	A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme	15
7396383275	Denature	To change the shape of a protein and render it ineffective.	16
7396387095	Active Site	The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction	17
7396396494	Buffers	Substances that minimize changes in pH	18
7396470228	pH	A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is	19
7396536699	Organic	Consisting of or deriving from living matter; relating to or denoting compounds that are carbon based	20
7396536700	Inorganic	Not consisting of or deriving from living matter; relating to or denoting compounds that are not carbon based	21
7396536701	Element	A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances	22
7396540294	Activation Energy	The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction	23