Biochemistry Flashcards

8077245753	atom	the smallest unit of matter	0
8077245754	nucleus	the positively charged center core of an atom	1
8077245755	proton	a positively charged subatomic particle found in an atom's nucleus	2
8077245756	neutron	a subatomic particle with no charge found in an atom's nucleus	3
8077245757	electron	a negatively charged subatomic particle found "buzzing" outside the nucleus	4
8077245758	molecule	two or more atoms chemically bonded	5
8077245759	compound	two or more different elements chemically bonded	6
8077245760	molecular formula	a formula giving the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a specific compound	7
8077245761	element	a substance that cannot be broken down more	8
8077245762	chemical reaction	a reaction that causes a substance's makeup to alter	9
8077245763	covalent bont	a bond formed by electron sharing	10
8077245764	reactants	"before" pieces of a chemical reaction	11
8077245765	pH	a measure of the acidity of a substance	12
8169555302	pH levels	0-14 7 is neutral below 7 is acidic above is basic	13
8077245766	acid	a molecule or other entity that is hydrogen positive (H+)	14
8077245767	base	a molecule or other entity that is missing hydrogens (H-)	15
8077245768	hydrogen bond	when in a covalent bond the polar molecule hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules	16
8077245769	polar	molecules with slight variance in their polarity are _____.	17
8077245770	non-polar	molecule in which the atoms are shared equally	18
8077245771	cohesion	the sticking together of particles of the same substance	19
8077245772	adhesion	the sticking together of particles of different substances	20
8077245773	ionic bond	a chemical bond in which electrons are donated and received	21
8077245774	ion	a charged atom/molecule	22
8169613586	macromolecules	large molecules made up of more molecules	23
8077245775	carbohydrate	a division of macro molecules consisting mainly of sugars, starches, and cellulose	24
8077245776	isomers	molecules with the same molecular formulae produced differently because of variances in structure	25
8077245777	monosacchrides	single sugars (ex: glucose, fructose, galactose)	26
8077245778	disacchrides	double sugars (ex: sucrose, lactose)	27
8077245779	polysacchrides	multiple sugars bonded together (ex: starch, glycogen, cellulose)	28
8077245780	glucose	a simple monosacchride sugar in humans and other animals	29
8077245781	lipid	a class of organic molecules consisting of waxes, oils and steroids not water soluble store energy cushion and insulate the internal organs	30
8077245782	glycerol	a vital part in creating a lipid; bonds with three fatty acids	31
8077245783	fatty acid	a vital part in creating a lipid; bonds with a glycerol	32
8077245784	condensation/dehydration reaction	the bonding of two or more molecules resulting in the loss of a water molecule	33
8077245785	hydrolysis	aids in digestion by inserting water (H2O) molecules back in between separate molecules	34
8077245786	nucleic acid	an organic compound found in DNA and RNA	35
8077245787	nucleotide	the monomers that build up nucleic acid	36
8077245788	protein	a complex organic compound that is made up of long woven strands of amino acids	37
8077245789	amino acid	the monomers (also referred to as monopeptides) that make up proteins	38
8077245790	enzymes	a substance that acts as a CATALYST to bring about a certain funtion	39
8077245791	catalyst	a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing change	40
8077245792	substrate	the substance that an enzyme acts on	41
8077245793	kinetic energy	energy that comes from being in motion	42
8077245794	potential chemical energy	stored and prepared energy	43
8077245795	ATP	an energy storing molecule that stores energy for almost anything humans do	44
8077245796	metabolism	the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life, including food digestion	45
8077245797	exergonic	a chemical process paired with energy release	46
8077245798	endergonic	a chemical process paired with energy gain	47
8169456093	elements	pure substance all the same type of atom	48
8169530910	solute	substance that is dissolved	49
8169535875	solvant	substance that does the dissolving	50
8169582661	buffers	are substances produced by cells that prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH.	51