biochemistry Flashcards

6406918910	acid pH	below 7	0
6406920747	base pH	above 7	1
6406920748	buffers	keeps the substance from changing pH levels	2
6406924787	buffers help maintain	homeostasis	3
6406927629	chemical reactions	when bonds between atoms are formed or broken	4
6406929060	metabolism	all the chemical reactions that occur inside an organism	5
6406933772	what do some reactions require?	energy	6
6406936498	what does organic mean	it contains carbon	7
6406938588	all living things have what?	carbon	8
6406940572	how many bonds can carbon make with other elements	4	9
6406940573	monomer	an organic molecule made up of one unit	10
6406942777	polymer	an organic molecule made up of a long chain of repeating units	11
6406945339	elements of carbohydrates	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen	12
6406947065	carbohydrates uses	store and release quick energy	13
6406948670	carbohydrates monomer	monosaccharide	14
6406950519	types of polymers	disaccharide and polysaccharide	15
6406954270	dissaccharide	two sugar carbohydrate	16
6406956324	polysaccharide	polymer carbohydrate	17
6406959941	what is the repeating monomer for all 3 types	glucose	18
6406963601	starch	a spiral chain of glucose made by plants to store glucose	19
6406965397	glycogen	a chain of glucose made by animals to store excess glucose after a meal	20
6406968855	cellulose	a chain of glucose hooked together like a chained link fence made by plants to form the cell wall	21
6406972905	lipids elements	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen	22
6406974261	lipids uses	long term energy storage, insulation and protective coatings	23
6406977675	lipids monomer	fatty acids with a glycerol	24
6406979118	lipids foods	peanuts and avacados	25
6406980411	types of lipids	saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid	26
6406983524	saturated fatty acid	no double bonds holds more hydrogens, solid at room temperature	27
6406986737	unsaturated fatty acid	one or more double bonds, creating a bend in the molecule, holds fewer hydrogens, liquid at room temperature	28
6424252867	why don't lipids dissolve in water?	lipids are non-polar and water is polar	29
6424255329	examples of lipids	waxes and steroids	30
6424257018	waxes	water proofing and protective coating on plants	31
6424259270	steroids	mantain and control functions throughout the body	32
6424261388	elements of nucleic acid	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus	33
6424265746	nucleic acid uses	store genetic information	34
6424267545	nucleic acid monomer	nucleotides	35
6424271195	3 parts of a nucleotide	phosphate group, sugar, nitrogen base	36
6424278667	types of nucleic acids	DNA and RNA	37
6424278668	DNA stands for what	deoxyribonucleic acid	38
6424282066	RNA stands for what	ribonucleic acid	39
6424284005	DNA	an organisms genetic material	40
6424287141	DNA function	stores information to build proteins	41
6424289908	RNA	a copy of DNA	42
6424289909	RNA function	carries the code to build proteins	43
6424293033	Proteins elements	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen	44
6424298122	Proteins uses	structured functions (hair and skin), muscle movement, enzymes	45
6424301765	protein monomer	amino acids	46
6424304390	types of proteins	dipeptide and polypeptide	47
6424307076	dipeptide	2 amino acids held by a peptide bond	48
6424309430	polypeptide	many amino acids held by a peptide bond	49
6424316880	examples of proteins	insulin and hemoglobin	50
6424316895	insulin	important for metabolism and utilization of energy from glucose	51
6424320568	hemoglobin	blood to carry oxygen	52
6424329721	How many different amino acids can be rearranged to make up a protein	20	53
6424333029	What aren't a good source of energy	protein	54
6424335303	enzymes are a type of what	protein	55
6424335320	enzyme function	speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation rate	56
6424365215	almost all what are helped along by enzymes	metabolic reactions	57
6424367220	what are the three things that effect enzymes	temperature, pH, concentration	58
6424370082	example of enzyme function	pepsin enzyme in the stomach- works at a pH of 2	59
6424372969	lipase	breakdown fats	60
6424374447	catalase	breakdown hydrogen peroxide in tissues	61
6424376476	amylase	breakdown starch, saliva is an amylase	62