Biochemistry Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 5490691760 | Proton | Positively charged subatomic particle. Weight: 1 amu |  | 0 |
| 5490695817 | Neutron | Neutrally charged subatomic particle. Weight: 1 amu |  | 1 |
| 5490699451 | Electron | Negatively charged subatomic particle. Weight: 0 |  | 2 |
| 5490706034 | Valence Electron | Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that contains electrons (2,8,8,16) | 3 | |
| 5490707863 | Periodic Table | Table of the elements that shows us information about different elements in the world. |  | 4 |
| 5490711704 | Ionic Bond | A chemical bond in which electrons are transferred in order to fill electron shells. |  | 5 |
| 5491172768 | Covalent Bond | A chemical bond in which electrons are shared in order to fill electron shells. |  | 6 |
| 5491172769 | Ion | An atom with a charge, positive or negative. |  | 7 |
| 5491182952 | Balanced Equation | When there are the same amount of each individual atom on both sides of an equation. |  | 8 |
| 5491239033 | Atomic number | Number on the periodic table that tells the number of protons in an atom. |  | 9 |
| 5491239034 | Atomic mass | Number on the periodic table that tells us the average mass of an atom. Made of the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. |  | 10 |
| 5491260315 | Electron Configuration | The first shell can only hold 2, the second can only hold 8, the third can only hold 8, and the fourth can only hold 16. |  | 11 |
| 5491264438 | Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, and therefore have a different atomic mass. |  | 12 |
| 5491271363 | Orbital | Where electrons are located outside of the nucleus. Also known as electron shells. |  | 13 |
| 5491274309 | Lipid | Chains of monomers called triglycerides. Fats. |  | 14 |
| 5491276322 | Carbohydrate | Chains of monomers called glucose. Give us a lot of energy. |  | 15 |
| 5491276323 | Polymer | Many molecules. |  | 16 |
| 5491276324 | Monomer | One molecule. |  | 17 |
| 5491278758 | Fat | Macromolecule we eat, 1 gram gives us 9 calories. monomer is the triglyceride. |  | 18 |
| 5491278759 | Protein | Macromolecule that give us structure and function. 1 gram gives us 4 calories. monomer is amino acids. |  | 19 |
| 5491278760 | Nucleic Acid | Store and transport genetic information. What makes up the nucleotide in our DNA. |  | 20 |
| 5491280032 | Polypeptide | A chain of amino acids. |  | 21 |
| 5491280033 | Enzyme | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions. |  | 22 |
| 5491280034 | Catalyst | Enzymes are catalysts. Something that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. |  | 23 |
| 5491282073 | Activation Energy | Energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur. |  | 24 |
| 5491283605 | Active Site | The site on an enzyme that can bond with other molecules like substrates. | | 25 |
| 5491287643 | Substrate | The part that bonds with the active site of an enzyme. | | 26 |
| 5491287644 | Saturated Fats | Fats that are solid at room temperature. Bad fats. |  | 27 |
| 5491290162 | Unsaturated Fats | Fats that are liquid at room temperature. Good fats. |  | 28 |
| 5491290163 | Steroids | Hormones produced by lipids in the body like cholesterol and vitamin D. |  | 29 |
| 5491290164 | Wax | The coating on plants that makes them waterproof. A lipid in our bodies and in other organisms. |  | 30 |
| 5491290165 | Trans Fat | Fat from animals and other substances that is extremely bad for you. Banned in some states. |  | 31 |
| 5491293882 | Cholesterol (LDL, HDL) | A steroid in the body. LDL is low protein and is the bad kind, HDL is the good kind. |  | 32 |
| 5491293883 | Glucose | Simple sugar. Monomer of Carbohydrates. |  | 33 |
| 5491293884 | Simple Sugar | Glucose is an example. Any monomer sugar. |  | 34 |
| 5491295976 | Complex Sugar | Any sugar with more than one molecule. Cellulose is an example, which is a carbohydrate in plants. |  | 35 |
| 5491295977 | Hydrolysis | Chemical break down of a compound in water. |  | 36 |
| 5491295978 | Nucleic Acids | Macromolecules that make up our DNA. Monomer is nucleotides. |  | 37 |
| 5491298099 | Double Helix | Deoxyribonucleicacid. Makes up our DNA. |  | 38 |
| 5491298100 | Calorie | The amount of energy it takes to raise 1 Liter of water 1 degree Celsius. |  | 39 |
| 5491298101 | Polar Bond | Partially ionic bonds. Some electrons are shared, and some are transferred. |  | 40 |
| 5491300726 | Universal Solvent | Water, because it dissolves almost everything. |  | 41 |
| 5491300727 | Cohesion | Attraction between water molecules and other water molecules. |  | 42 |
| 5491300728 | Adhesion | Attraction between water molecules and other molecules or substances. | | 43 |
| 5491304261 | Surface Tension | Tension on the surface of liquids that prevents things from immediately going into the liquid. |  | 44 |
| 5491308433 | Capillary action | Motion of liquids without the help of, or against, gravity. |  | 45 |
| 5491308434 | Solvent | The substance that does the dissolving. |  | 46 |
| 5491308435 | Solute | The substance that is dissolved. |  | 47 |
| 5491310402 | Hydrophobic | Water hating - the tails of the phospholipid molecules in our cells. |  | 48 |
| 5491310403 | Hydrophillic | Water loving - the heads of the phospholipid molecules in our cells. | | 49 |
| 5491310404 | High Heat Capacity | Characteristic of water that tells us that it takes a lot of heat to change the temperature of water. |  | 50 |
| 5491312028 | Suspension | Mixture where particles do not dissolve. |  | 51 |
| 5491533992 | Solution | Mixture where all parts are completely dissolved. |  | 52 |
| 5491312029 | Clarity | how clear something is. |  | 53 |
| 5491312030 | Mixture | Two or more substances that are not chemically combined. |  | 54 |
| 5491548489 | Homogeneous mixture | Evenly distributed, looks like all the same substance. Can't separate parts. |  | 55 |
| 5491548490 | Heterogeneous mixture | Not evenly distributed, looks like different pieces, and you can separate them easily. |  | 56 |
| 5491553566 | Physical change | change in shape, size or state of matter. Can be reversible. |  | 57 |
| 5491555590 | Chemical change | change in what something actually is chemically - color, temperature, gas production. |  | 58 |
| 5491317811 | Acid | A substance that produces H+ ions in solution with water. pH less than 7. |  | 59 |
| 5491317812 | Base | A substance that produces OH- ions in solution with water. pH more than 7. | | 60 |
| 5491317813 | Neutral | A solution that has equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions, is balanced. |  | 61 |
| 5491319662 | Alkalinity | A measure of how basic something is. Alkaline is another word for base. |  | 62 |
| 5491319663 | Hydroxide Ion | Produced when Bases are put in water. |  | 63 |
| 5491321571 | Hydrogen Ion | Produced when Acids are put in water. |  | 64 |
| 5491321572 | Hydronium Ion | Rare occurrence of an extra hydrogen bonding to a water molecule. Happens sometimes with acids. | | 65 |
| 5491323462 | Dissociation | Separation of parts of a substance or molecule/compound. (salt breaking down into sodium and chloride. |  | 66 |
| 5491323463 | Buffer | Solution used to neutralize acids and bases. |  | 67 |
| 5491324905 | Neutralization | To equalize the amount of H+ and OH- in a solution. Make it neutral. | | 68 |