Myers' AP Psychology for AP*: Unit 3B Flashcards

4921886854	Lesion	tissue destruction. It can occur naturally or experimentally by the caused distruction/remove of brain tissues	0
4921886855	Electroencephalogram (EEG)	An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.	1
4921886856	CT (computed tomography) scan	a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representaion of a slice through the body. Aslo called a CAT scan	2
4921886857	(PET) Positron emission tomography scan	A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.	3
4921886858	MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)	a TECHNIQUE THAT USES MAGNETIC FIELDS AND RADIO WAVES TO PRODUCE COMPUTER generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissues; allows us to see structures within the brain.	4
4921886859	Brainstem	the oldest part and central core of brain. AKA reticular formation, or reticular activating system. In charge of automatic survival functions	5
4921886860	Medualla	The base of the brainstem. responsible for breathing and circulation. (heart beat)	6
4921886861	Reticular Formation	Responisble for arousal	7
4921886862	Pons	sleep and arousal	8
4921886863	Forebrain	rostral to the midbrain, in the anterior and middle cranial fossa - The anterior portion of the brain; the part of the brain that develops from the anterior part of the neural tube.	9
4921886864	Midbrain	located between the pons and the forebrain - relay or switching station; sends message onto the correct parts of the brain	10
4921886865	Hindbrain	most primitive part of the brain - information is processed outside of our awareness without any conscious effort	11
4921886866	Thalamus	the brains 'sensory switch board' Located at top of brainstem; directs messages to the sensory areas and transmits them to cerebellum and medulla.	12
4921886867	Cerebellum	"little brain" In charge of muscle movement, balance, and coordination.	13
4921886868	Limbic system	A system of neural structures at the border of brainstem. Associated with emotions like fear, agression, and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the Hippocampus, Amygdala and hypothalamus.	14
4921886869	Amygdala	2 neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion. SEED OF EMOTION	15
4921886870	hypothalamous	a neural structure lying below the thalamus. directs 'eathing, drinking, body temperature' linked to emotion.	16
4921886871	Hippocampus	Limpc system. Learning and memory matcher.	17
4921886872	Cerebral cortex	Fabric of interconnected neuron cells. Higher order thinking. Takes meaning and puts it to focus.	18
4921886873	Glial Cells	Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.	19
4921886874	Frontal Lobes	the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements.	20
4921886875	Parietal lobes	The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; includes the sensory cortex.	21
4921886876	Occipital lobes	the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual info from the opposite visual feild.	22
4921886877	temporal lobes	The portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughyl above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which revieves aditory info primarily from the opposite end.	23
4921886878	motor cortex	an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements.	24
4921886879	Association areas	Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not invoved in primary motor or sensory funtions; they are involved in higher mental funtions such as learning, remebering, thinking and speaking.	25
4921886880	Sesory cortex	the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations.	26
4921886881	Aphasia	impairment of language, usually caused by Left Hemisphere damage to Brocas area or Wernickes.	27
4921886882	Broca's area	controls language expression. Damage creates inability to muscles in left hemisphere connected to speech. YOU cnt talk	28
4921886883	Wernickes area	Contorls language reception. Damage creates inability to comprehend language; usually in the left temporal lobe	29
4921886884	Plasticity	the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain modifications, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development.	30
4921886885	Neurogenesis	starts after conception with embryonic stem cells differentiating into immature neurons	31
4921886886	Corpus Callosum	Shares info back and forth; Connects the two hemispheres of the brain and carries messages between them.	32
4921886887	Split Brain	A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (corpus callosum) between them.	33
4921886888	Consciousness	our awareness of ourselves and our environment.	34
4921886889	Cognitive Neuroscience	the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems	35
4921886890	Dual Processing	a phenomenon can occur in two different ways, or as a result of two different processes	36
4921886891	Paul Broca	discovered area in the brain (named for him) in the left frontal lobe responsible for language production	37
4921886892	Phineas Gage	railroad worker who survived a severe brain injury that dramatically changed his personality and behavior; case played a role in the development of the understanding of the localization of brain function	38
4921886893	Michael Gazzaniga	1939-present; Field: cognition (neuroscience); Studied of the neural basis of mind with primary responsibility for initiating human split-brain research. In his subsequent work he has made important advances in our understanding of functional lateralization in the brain and how the cerebral hemispheres communicate with one another.	39
4921886894	Roger Sperry	scientist who won a Nobel Prize for work with SPLIT BRAIN patients	40
4921886895	Karl Wernicke	"Wernicke's area"; discovered area of left temporal lobe that involved language understanding: person damaged in this area uses correct words but they do not make sense	41