Biochemistry Flashcards

8155242180	atom	smallest particle of an element/ basic unit of matter	0
8155246066	compound	A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds	1
8155252384	van der waals forces	the attraction of intermolecular forces between molecules. There are two kinds of Van der Waals forces: weak London Dispersion Forces and stronger dipole-dipole forces.	2
8155252385	mixture	A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined	3
8155254873	pH scale	measures how acidic or basic a substance is	4
8155254874	inorganic	does not contain carbon and not formed from living things or the remains of living things	5
8155259057	monosaccharide	A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.	6
8155259058	starch	polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers	7
8155262919	unsaturated fat	A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms	8
8155265824	enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing	9
8155265825	chemical reaction	the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances	10
8155272404	substrate	A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme	11
8155272495	nucleus	A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction	12
8155277251	ionic bond	Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another	13
8155277252	ion	A charged atom, an atom that has a positive or negative charge	14
8155283453	solution	a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)	15
8155283454	acid	compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7	16
8155285965	monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	17
8155285966	disaccharide	A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.	18
8155292815	glycogen	The form in which the liver and muscles store glucose/ Extremely branched polymer of glucose.	19
8155297062	saturated fat	A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms	20
8155297063	amino acids	the building blocks of proteins	21
8155301079	reactant	A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction	22
8155301080	electron	negatively charged particle	23
8155304700	hydrogen bond	weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom	24
8155304701	solute	A substance that is dissolved in a solution.	25
8155304702	base	A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.	26
8155307129	polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.	27
8155310002	polysaccharide	Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides	28
8155310003	fructose	fruit sugar/ monosaccharide	29
8155313519	fatty acid	an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils/ Building Blocks of Lipids	30
8155313520	active sites	the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate	31
8155316515	product	A substance produced in a chemical reaction	32
8155316516	element	any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances	33
8155320055	covalent bond	A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule	34
8155320056	cohesion	Water molecules sticking to each other/ the force that holds molecules of a single material together	35
8155322984	solvent	A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances	36
8155322985	buffer	A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.	37
8155323140	carbohydrate	compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body	38
8155326641	glucose	A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.	39
8155326642	sucrose	glucose + fructose	40
8155334118	triglycerides	organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids	41
8155334119	denaturation	loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor	42
8155339410	activation energy	the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction	43