Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 7640712335 | carbohydrate | "Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)" |  | 0 |
| 7640712336 | pH | a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water. |  | 1 |
| 7640712337 | compound | A pure substance made of two or more elements CHEMICALLY combined. |  | 2 |
| 7640712338 | molecule | A neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds; smallest unit of a compound joined together |  | 3 |
| 7640712339 | cell | Basic unit of life |  | 4 |
| 7640712340 | calorie | Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C'; A unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food |  | 5 |
| 7640712341 | energy | Ability to do work or cause change |  | 6 |
| 7640712342 | element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom |  | 7 |
| 7640712343 | phosphate bond | a high-energy chemical bond that is especially important between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups in an ATP molecule |  | 8 |
| 7640712344 | starch | A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose. |  | 9 |
| 7640712345 | organic | Carbon-containing |  | 10 |
| 7640712346 | inorganic | Does not contain carbon; Not formed from living things or the remains of living things |  | 11 |
| 7640712347 | synthesis | Combining of small molecules or substances into larger, more complex ones; A+B=AB |  | 12 |
| 7640712348 | protein | A macromolecule that contains the principal components of organisms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; performs a variety of structural and regulatory functions for cells. |  | 13 |
| 7640712349 | energy storage | carbohydrates and lipids |  | 14 |
| 7640712351 | dehydration reaction | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. |  | 15 |
| 7640712352 | biological molecule | chemical compounds that provide physical structure and bring about movement, energy use, and other cellular functions in a living organism |  | 16 |
| 7640712353 | active site | Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits. |  | 17 |
| 7640712355 | saturated fat | A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms; A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products. |  | 18 |
| 7640712356 | unsaturated fat | A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms; A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. |  | 19 |
| 7640712357 | fatty acid | Building Blocks of Lipids; substances produced when fats are digested; simple forms of fat that supply energy fuel for most of the body's cells; unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |  | 20 |
| 7640712358 | steroids | A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached. |  | 21 |
| 7640712359 | exothermic reaction | A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat |  | 22 |
| 7640712360 | endothermic reaction | A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat |  | 23 |
| 7640712361 | fructase | -ase suffix Most enzymes end in "-ase" suffix, but not all enzymes. Some enzymes were named prior to the adoption of this process; "ose" turns to "ase" after decomposition reactions; structural -- what gives a macromolecule its shape [chitin] |  | 24 |
| 7640712362 | "ose" | used in biochemistry to form the names of sugars |  | 25 |
| 7640712363 | chemical structure | The way atoms in a compound are bonded it represents the structure of a compound. |  | 26 |
| 7640712364 | covalent bond | A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule |  | 27 |
| 7640712365 | ionic bond | Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |  | 28 |
| 7640712366 | polar molecule | Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end | | 29 |
| 7640712367 | hydrogen bond | A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. |  | 30 |
| 7640712368 | biochemical | The changing of organic matter into other chemical forms such as fuels. |  | 31 |
| 7640712370 | catalyst | (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected |  | 32 |
| 7640712371 | enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |  | 33 |
| 7640712373 | polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together. |  | 34 |
| 7640712374 | monomer | small chemical unit that makes up a polymer | | 35 |
| 7640712375 | polysaccharide | A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis; Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides |  | 36 |
| 7640712376 | disaccharide | A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis. |  | 37 |
| 7640712377 | monosacchride | single sugar molecule |  | 38 |
| 7640712378 | fructose | A monosaccharide found predominantly in fruit and honey |  | 39 |
| 7640712379 | cellulose | A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable-like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. |  | 40 |
| 7640712380 | lipid | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |  | 41 |
| 7640712381 | nucleotide | A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. |  | 42 |
| 7640712382 | amino acid | Building blocks of protein |  | 43 |
| 7640712383 | nucleic acid | (biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotid chains that are vital constituents of all living cells |  | 44 |
| 7640712384 | peptide | The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid |  | 45 |
| 7640712385 | triglyceride | Composed of three molecules of fatty acids joined to one molecule of glycerol |  | 46 |
| 7640712386 | dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. |  | 47 |
| 7640712387 | glycerol | A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils. |  | 48 |
| 7640712388 | phospholipid | A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail. Phosphate replaces one fatty acid in Triglyceride |  | 49 |
| 7640712389 | maltose | a 12-carbon sugar that is formed by the union of two glucose units (a disaccharide) |  | 50 |
| 7640712390 | cyclic | occurring in cycles; regularly repeated |  | 51 |
| 7640712392 | hydrolysis | A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers. |  | 52 |
| 7640712393 | sucrose | A disaccharide made of glucose + fructose; Table sugar |  | 53 |
| 7640712394 | glycogen | A highly branched polymer of glucose containing thousands of subunits; functions as a compact store of glucose molecules in liver and muscle fibers | | 54 |
| 7640712395 | hexoses | carbohydrates with six carbon atoms |  | 55 |
| 7642592352 | Parts of Amino Acid | Amine Group, R-Group, Carboxylic Acid | 56 | |
| 7642595133 | Removed during dehydration synthesis? | Water | 57 | |
| 7642597146 | Categories of Proteins | 4 (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary) | 58 | |
| 7642602288 | Long coiled polypeptide chain | Alpha Helix | 59 | |
| 7642604441 | Example of Functional Protein | Enzyme, Hormones | 60 | |
| 7642607640 | Example of Structural Protein | Hair, Nails, Skin | 61 | |
| 7642609624 | What is Hyperglycemia? | more than 0.1% of blood sugar level | 62 | |
| 7642613285 | What is Hypoglycemia? | less than 0.1% of blood sugar level | 63 | |
| 7642616814 | Prosthetic Group | A group added to a protein | 64 | |
| 7642621446 | Denaturation | Process where protein structure disrupted (ex. heat, acid, base) | 65 | |
| 7642626852 | # of Amino Acids? | 20 (9 essential, 11 non-essential) | 66 | |
| 7642650921 | Triglyceride | 3 saturated fatty acids & 1 glycerol | 67 | |
| 7642656898 | What are soaps/detergents? | Emulsifiers | 68 | |
| 7642659882 | Basic Unit of Nucleic Acid | Nucleotide | 69 | |
| 7642661732 | 3 Main Properties of water | Temp. Regulator, Lubricant (Synovial Fluid), Universal Solvent | 70 | |
| 7642670702 | Intermolecular | Bonds Between Molecules | 71 | |
| 7642672526 | Intramolecular | Bonds Within Molecules | 72 | |
| 7642694184 | Buffer | Substance that can absorb excess H or OH | 73 | |
| 7642696861 | Salt | Product of Acid + Base | 74 | |
| 7679058930 | Neutralization | Acid Base reaction | 75 | |
| 7679083768 | Glycerol | C3H8O3 | 76 | |
| 7679122353 | Ester | Oxygen bond in Disaccharide (glycosidic bond) and Triglyceride | 77 | |
| 7679145547 | Peptide Bond | Bond between Synthesis of Amino Acids | 78 |