AP World History Unit 3 Flashcards

8175004679	Bedouins	Arabian Peninsula natives, who were the first peoples to convert to Islam	0
8175004680	Kaaba	a sacred Muslim shrine in Mecca that at one point housed up to 350 deities and was also used to taxed travelers. Home of Islamic pilgrimages.	1
8175004681	Mecca	the holiest city of Islam because it has the Kaaba very rich in commerce and trade	2
8175004682	Islam	the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life; founder by Mohammed; preaches an egalitarian message and has the 5 pillars	3
8175004683	Muslims	Followers of Islam	4
8175004684	Sunnis	A branch of Islam that believed that caliphs should be elected; supported the Umayyads	5
8175004685	Shias/Shiite	Followers of Islam who believe leaders/caliphs of Islam were descendants of Muhammad	6
8175004686	Quran (Koran)	Holy book of Islam, orally spoken by Mohammed and wasn't written down for many years after Mohammed death	7
8175004687	Muhammad	Founder of Islam and the last prophet of God. Founded his own city based off religion called Medina	8
8175004688	Abbasid Caliphate	Reigned 750-1258, rulers during the Islamic Golden Age, moved capital to Baghdad.	9
8175004689	Hajji	Pilgrimage to Mecca...all Muslims are required to go to Mecca at least one time; one of the five pillars	10
8338003319	Umma	The term for all Muslims as a community, replaced tribal, ethnic, and racial identities; a community bound by belief.	11
8338003320	Medina	AKA city of the prophet, where in 622 Muhammad emigrated too. Marked the beginning of new Islamic calendar. Membership based on faith which led to a rapid spread.	12
8338003321	Sharia Law	the system of Islamic law combining religious law and civil law, based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu'ran	13
8338256844	Baghdad	Capital of Abbasid Caliphate	14
8338256845	Sufis	Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions, saw worldly success as a distraction. Gave women the most rights in Islamic society. Helped facilitate Islam to India and Anatolia	15
8338692306	Sikhism	religion that blended Islamic and Hindu beliefs	16
8338692307	Ottoman Turks	The invasions of the Byzantine Empire and Anatolia made many Christians believe Islam was the true religion and they converted. Took over Constantinople	17
8338847370	Ghana, Mali, Songhai	West African kingdoms that built wealth and power through trans-Saharan trade of salt and gold, islam spread here through merchants	18
8338847371	Timbuktu	Major Center of Islamic Religion with a large library and many schools the practiced the Quran	19
8338995813	Byzantine Empire	Modern Day turkey/Anatolian Peninsula, parts in Greece (Eastern Europe). To the east of this is the Islamic Empire to the west is Germanic Kingdoms	20
8338995814	Justinian	One of the 1st major rulers of the Byzantine, tides to recreate Roman Empire and reconquered some land but not all. Developed a law code	21
8338995815	Justinians code	Law code based off Roman Laws and is the reason that Roman culture and laws survived	22
8338995816	Constantinople	Capital of the Byzantine Empire, established by Constantine. Very Christian City	23
8338995817	Iconclasm	the deliberate destruction of religious icons and symbols. Practiced in Eastern Orthodox Christianity	24
8339240163	Tang Dynasty	618-907 CE, established patterns of Chinese culture that prevailed into modern times, population jumped during this dynasty, had a golden age	25
8339240164	Song Dynasty	the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy, Golden age	26
8339240165	Footbinding	Practiced during the Tang Dynasty this spread and that involved women breaking their feet to be more beautiful and bond them to inner quarters.	27
8339240166	Tribute Systems	In theory was a way for China to get superiority and authority over neighbors, but in reality became a way for foreign groups to be recognized as equals and as a means of peacekeeping.	28
8339282615	Xiongnu (Huns)	Nomadic people north of China who constantly raided China and eventually were recognized as equals through via the tribute system.	29
8365585359	Pope	Head of the Roman Catholic Church	30
8365930695	Roman Catholic Church	Centered around the pope,western	31
8365930696	Great Schism of 1054	The separation between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church	32
8365930697	Kiev Rus	The most significant expansion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity occurred here. Modern day Ukraine. As a result Russia adopted cryllic alphabet and Byzantium architecture.	33
8375642877	Charelmagne	Ruler of the carolingian empire who wanted to recreate the unity of the Roman Empire	34
8375642878	Feudalism	A system of government with reciprocal ties in which warriors would pledge to lords to give protection for food. Created constant conflict and many self sufficient vassals	35
8375642879	Serfdom	Institution in which a peasant is attached to a feudal estate.	36
8375642880	Crusades	A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia especially for Jerusalem. Crusades left the Byzantine Empire weak and available to be overrun by the ottoman Turks.	37
8375811895	Caesaropapism	A political religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment	38
8376177869	Vikings	one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century.	39
8376345136	Mansa Musa	Mali's most famous ruler because he took a Hajj to Mecca and brought Islam to MaLi, connecting MaLi to the rest of the world.	40
8376345137	Berbers	Live in the Saharan Desert and trade salt to the richer west African kings and kingdoms	41
8388798380	Marco Polo	Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China.	42
8388798381	Ibn Battuta	Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records	43
8388798382	monsoon winds	Predictable winds that allowed for consistent travel across the Indian Ocean	44
8388798383	Silk Road	Caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran. Majority of goods luxury goods. Spread Buddhism and rekindled the following of it.	45
8388798384	Indian Ocean Trade	Used monsoon winds, traded bulk goods, primarily Muslim merchants trading.	46
8388856783	Trans-Saharan Trade	exchange of goods across the Sahara Desert, especially salt from Sahara and the Berbers. Made nomadic people have a bigger role and established new city's centered around trade.	47
8388977064	Diasporic communities	merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas,	48
8388977065	Black Death	an epidemic of the bubonic plague that ravaged Europe in the 1300s, killed nearly half of the world's population	49
8388977066	Caravanserei	A place that allowed a rest stop for caravans. Supported trade, and allowed for development.	50
8388977067	Swahili Civilization	African civilization from a blending of Bantu, Islamic, and other Indian Ocean trade elements.	51
8388977068	Chinese Grand Canal	Built during the Sui Dynasty and helped reunify China	52
8388977069	Chinese Buddhism	A form of Mahayana Buddhism with elements of Chinese culture	53
8388977070	Silla Dynasty	Korean dynasty that ruled from 668 to 935, showed the selective adoption of Chinese governance and culture	54
8389001045	Samurai	Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a dynamo in return for land and food.	55
8389030875	Shogunate	One ruler in Japan below the emperor who has the real power	56
8389030876	Mongols	People from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history. Ruled by Ghangis Khan	57
8389051084	Zheng He	Chinese explorer during the Ming Dynasty	58
8389051085	Ming Dynasty	the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 after the collapse of the mongol led yuan Dynasty	59
8397229511	Hanseatic Leagues	European organization that promoted trade	60
8397353600	Chinggis Khan	Mongolian Leader that conquered a lot, started the mongols power	61
8397353601	Khantate	Genghis Khan's kingdom	62