AP Biology - Cells and Organelles Flashcards
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| 7513305180 | Archaea | One of the two domains that includes prokaryotic organisms. | 0 | |
| 7513331459 | Eukarya | The domain that includes organisms with membrane-bound organelles. | 1 | |
| 7513340396 | Scanning Electron Microscope | Tool that can scan the surface of a specimen with electrons to view the three-dimensional structure; useful for seeing organelles and larger molecules. | 2 | |
| 7513346955 | Transmission Electron Microscope | Tool that aims a beam of electrons through thin slices of specimen to be viewed; capable of seeing internal structures of cells, organelles, and larger molecules. | 3 | |
| 7513346956 | Light Microscope | Microscope capable of viewing living and non-living specimens; smallest items capable of being seen would be bacteria and mitochondria. | 4 | |
| 7513417527 | Cytosol | Found in all cells; a semi-fluid, jelly-like substance. | 5 | |
| 7513429512 | Nucleoid | Region containing genetic material in prokaryotic cell. | 6 | |
| 7513433028 | Nucleus | Region containing genetic material in eukaryotic cell. | 7 | |
| 7513451626 | Cytoplasm | Area between the nucleus and cell membrane. | 8 | |
| 7513461114 | Cell membrane | Selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer found in all cells. | 9 | |
| 7513478604 | Surface area to volume ratio | Determines the efficiency at which a cell can rid itself of waste; determines when cells divide. | 10 | |
| 7513504437 | Microvilli | Cellular projections that increase surface area. | 11 | |
| 7513507667 | Cilia | Structure utilized for movement; made of microtubules in very large numbers | 12 | |
| 7513520930 | Nucleolus | Synthesizes rRNA and utilizes it to create ribosomes. | 13 | |
| 7513524764 | Chromatin | DNA + proteins | 14 | |
| 7513536161 | Nuclear lamina | Maintains the shape of the nucleus. | 15 | |
| 7513542692 | Free ribosomes | Synthesize proteins to function within cytosol. | 16 | |
| 7513550607 | Bound/attached ribosomes | Synthesize proteins to function within cellular membranes and outside of the cell. | 17 | |
| 7513567085 | Vesicles | Membranous sacs created by the Golgi apparatus. | 18 | |
| 7513574627 | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Membranous structure responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs and toxins. | 19 | |
| 7513591142 | Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Membranous structure responsible for the synthesis of proteins. | 20 | |
| 7513612629 | Golgi apparatus | Packages, modifies, and ships products received from the endoplasmic reticulum. | 21 | |
| 7513612630 | Cis face | Receiving side of the Golgi | 22 | |
| 7513618435 | Trans face | Shipment side of the Golgi | 23 | |
| 7513625163 | Lysosome | Membranous sac of enzymes used in digestion; only found in animal cells. | 24 | |
| 7513637930 | Vacuoles | Large vesicles used for storage and transport of materials. | 25 | |
| 7513651040 | Central vacuole | Found in plants; responsible for plant cell growth, structure, and maintaining cell volume. | 26 | |
| 7513673168 | Mitochondrion | Structure responsible for the creation of ATP from organic molecules. | 27 | |
| 7513677137 | Chloroplast | Structure responsible for the conversion of light energy to chemical energy. | 28 | |
| 7513689046 | Thylakoid | Flattened membranous stack in the interior of chloroplasts. | 29 | |
| 7513692322 | Matrix | The interior compartment of the mitochondrion. | 30 | |
| 7513727883 | Peroxisome | Single membrane structure that transfers hydrogen atoms from substrates and transfers to oxygen atoms; breakdown fatty acids and help detoxify alcohol and harmful compounds. | 31 | |
| 7513755788 | Motor proteins | Interact with the cytoskeleton to transport materials throughout the cell. | 32 | |
| 7513770151 | Microtubules | Thickest structure that makes up the cytoskeleton; hollow tube; maintains cell shape, composes cilia and flagella, and helps move chromosomes in cell division. | 33 | |
| 7513783754 | Tubulin | Protein that makes up microtubules. | 34 | |
| 7513786837 | Microfilaments | Two intertwined threads of protein; resists tension in cells, involved in muscle contraction, moving pseudopodia, and cytoplasmic streaming; thinnest part of cytoskeleton. | 35 | |
| 7513816967 | Actin | Protein that makes up microfilaments. | 36 | |
| 7513825751 | Intermediate filaments | Supercoiled fibrous proteins; anchors nucleus and organelles, bears tension in the cell, and forms nuclear lamina; made of several different proteins. | 37 | |
| 7513845535 | Centrioles | Have a 9 + 2 structure | 38 | |
| 7513858652 | Flagella | Structure utilized for movement; made of microtubules that are extended through the plasma membrane and are long and few in number. | 39 | |
| 7513882688 | Plasmodesmata | Perforation in cell walls that connect two plant cells; connection of cytoplasm. | 40 | |
| 7513896325 | Tight junctions | Connection of neighboring animal cells via proteins; prevent leakage of extracellular fluids. | 41 | |
| 7513896326 | Gap junctions | Connection of neighboring animal cells; allow cytoplasmic movement from one cell to another. | 42 | |
| 7513904070 | Desmosomes | Connection of neighboring animal cells; fasten cells together into strong sheets of tissue; anchored by intermediate filaments. | 43 | |
| 7513946123 | Endomembrane system | Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, vesicles, cell membrane. | 44 |