AP World History Period 5 vocabulary PVS Flashcards

6431559282	Indirect rule	where there was self-rule (yet limited); goal was to make future leaders	0
6431559283	Textiles (significance)	1st industry to industrialize in Britain -> creation of machines made the process easier and quicker	1
6431559284	Telegraph (significance)	system that transmitted messages from distances through a wire (increased communication)	2
6431559285	The Self-Strengthening Movement	After many losses, a push forward to establish power of the Chinese state -customs -navy built -reforms progressives vs. conservatives	3
6431559286	Zionism	A belief in the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine	4
6431559287	Congress of Vienna	Assembly that recognized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars (Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain -each got some territory)	5
6431559288	Olympe de Gouges	One of the first women to fight for equal rights -Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen	6
6431559289	King Leopold II / Belgian Congo	King of Belgium -founded and exploited the Congo Free State	7
6431559290	Simon Bolivar	Leader of South American revolutionary movement -took part in many Latin American revolutions	8
6431559291	Direct Rule	Foreign officials were brought to rule -no self-rule	9
6431559292	King Louis XVI	King of France during the French Revolution -executed by Legislative Assembly -bad leader	10
6431559293	Social Contract	An agreement among members of a society to cooperate for social benefits	11
6431559294	Second Agricultural Revolution	Improved the methods of cultivation, harvesting, etc... during the Industrial Revolution	12
6431559295	Enclosure Movement	A process in Europe where landowners fenced small fields (previously used by farmers -caused poverty)	13
6431559296	Communist Manifesto	Written by Marx and Engels -described the working-class movement (views and opinions)	14
6431559297	Marie Antoinette	Queen of France during the French Revolution -$$$$ spender	15
6431559298	Monopoly	Exclusive control by one group of the means of production or selling a commodity or service	16
6431559299	Urbanization	Taking on the characteristics of a city (industrial rev.!)	17
6431559300	British India	English gained the right to trade and establish factories in India (British East India Company originally)	18
6431559301	Capitalism	Economic system with origins in early modern Europe in which private parties make their goods and services available on the free market (Wealth of Nations)	19
6431559302	Latin American Revolutions	A series of independence movements in Brazil, Mexico, and other South American countries.	20
6431559303	Mexican Revolution	- Hidalgo declares revolts against the Spanish -peasant rebellions -Creoles capture Hidalgo and execute him -Colonial rule ends (independency) -later, Republic is created	21
6431559304	South American Revolution	Simon Bolivar leads independence movement against Spanish - assembled army defeat Spanish army in Colombia	22
6431559305	Brazil revolution/independence	-Portuguese king leaves Portugal -leaves son behind -Creoles call for independence from Portugal -Pedro declares it (Emperor then)	23
6431559306	Nation-State	Sovereign state whose inhabitants are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language, religion... -no national identity though -controlling territory as own people	24
6431559307	Maximilien Robespierre	Leader of the Jacobins and leader during the Reign of Terror -executed by guillotine	25
6431559308	John Locke	-discovered the laws of politics -attacked divine right -believed power in the people	26
6431559309	Enlightenment	European intellectual movement that led to social and political reforms.	27
6431559310	Opium Wars	Series of conflicts over trade and diplomatic relations between Qing and British Empires	28
6431559311	Adam Smith	Scottish social philosopher -author of the Wealth of Nations "Bible of Capitalism" -believed a nation's wealth should be judged by the total of its production and commerce	29
6431559312	Factory System	Creation of a building where workers performed certain tasks under ONE roof	30
6431559313	Cotton (significance)	Formed the basis of the textile industry	31
6431559314	Fossil Fuels	A natural fuel formed from the remains of once living organisms (took over water power)	32
6431559315	Communism	Founder-Karl Marx -some goals of socialism but includes the belief that violent revolution is necessary to destroy bourgeoisie world to one controlled by the proletariat	33
6431559316	Demographic Transitions	transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country changes from agrarian to industrialized	34
6431559317	Ming China	-followed Yuan Dynasty -imperial -construction of vast navy/military -Fall due to the rise of the Manchus, natural disasters, and economic troubles	35
6431559319	Meiji Japan	-first half of the Japanese Empire of Japan during which Japanese society changed from being isolated -forcibly opened to trade during this time -Treaty of Kanagawa -Meiji Restoration -quickly modernized and industrialized -no samurai	36
6431559320	Rudyard Kipling & The White Man's Burden	English story writer who had a strong belief in Imperialism. He wrote the task that white colonizers believed that they had to impose their civilization/culture on the black inhabitants (imperialism as a necessary evil)	37
6431559321	Siam	Only territory to remain outside of European control mainly b/c European officials viewed it as a buffer between France (Indochina) and Britain (Burma)	38
6431559322	Taiping Rebellions	Conflict against Manchu Qing Dynasty by Taiping Group in Southern China -Europe sends troops to help Qing -Taipings defeated -more European influence	39
6431559323	Colonialism	achieving or acquiring full or some political control over another country	40
6431559324	Karl Marx	Founder of Communism	41
6431559325	Marxism	branch of Communism -emphasizes cooperation and ideologies -talks about the worldwide revolution of the working class to overthrow the Haves	42
6431559326	Middle Class	Gains during the Industrial Revolution -social class	43
6431559327	Socialism	Theory of social organization based on collective ownership of means of production -wanted slow, moderate change -liked by middle and lower classes	44
6431559328	Panama Canal	Ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama -built by US -resulting in the influence in the Central American states	45
6431559329	Social Darwinism	Philosophy during the 19th century, tried to use "survival of the fittest" to apply to social and political ideas -elimination of weaker states as natural and justified war	46
6431559330	Manifest Destiny	doctrine that the US expansion throughout the American continents were justified and inevitable	47
6431559331	Monroe Doctrine	A foreign policy that opposed interference by foreigners in the West	48
6431559332	Afrikaners	Afrkaans-speaking person in South Africa (especially a descendent from the Dutch/Huguenot settlers)	49
6431559333	Boers	Member of the Dutch and Huguenot population in southern Africa -fought against the British to keep control over S.Africa (Boer War)	50
6431559334	Berlin Conference	Regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period. A place where European nations "carved up" Africa.	51
6431559335	Abolition	the act of abolishing a system or practice	52
6431559336	Assembly Line	workers and machines in a factory, where a line of identical items are assembled	53
6431559337	Young Turk Movement	Wanted freedom, no centralization with local authority -nationalist ideas =Turkish language etc...	54
6431559338	Natural Resources	materials/substances found in nature	55
6431559339	Philosophe	Philosophers/intellectuals from France	56
6431559340	Industrialization	Process that switched agrarian economies to those distinguished by industry and machines	57
6431559341	Consumerism	Protection/promotion of the consumers' interests -creation of products based on Supply & Demand -basis for capitalism -emphasis on individual desire	58
6431559342	Balkans	Area of Southeastern Europe -want to be independent from Ottoman Empire -nationalism -local religious rule + Devshirme -Austrians chip at border -economic difficulties	59
6431559343	Suffrage	the right to vote -most men allowed to vote who owned large portions of land -middle class men where later allowed to vote along with workers -women allowed to vote later on	60
6431559344	Montesquieu	established the 'science' of politics and found principles that would foster political liberty in a stable and well=off state	61
6431559345	Settler Colonies	Colonial formation where foreigner families move into a region and reproduce	62
6431559346	Liberalism	Change and progress is normal and welcomed -favor representative forms of government -no one is higher than one another	63
6431559347	The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen	Written stating the equality of all men, sovereignty, individual rights -fundamental document of the French Revolution	64
6431559348	Mechanization	Having a lot of technology; use of machines to do industrial labor	65
6431559349	The White Australian Policy	Many policies that favored immigration to Australia from Europe (especially Britain)	66
6431559350	Push Factors	Reasons why people leave their homeland to go live somewhere else	67
6431559351	Steam Engines	An engine that uses steam for power (used in early factories)	68
6431559352	Stock Markets	Market where shares of companies are traded either by exchanges or over the counter markets	69
6431559353	Declaration of Independence	A document that records the proclamation of the 2nd Continental Congress -written was the independence of colonies from Great Britain	70
6431559354	Pull Factors	Reasons why people go to a certain place	71
6431559355	Migration	The movement of people to a new area/country to find more/better work and living conditions	72
6431559356	Indentured Servitude	Labor system were young people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a certain amount of years	73
6431559357	Tsarist Russia	A time of absolute rulers in Russia -Fast industrialization -lost the Russo-Japanese War -bad life -serfdom until 1861	74
6431559358	Hawai'i	An island chain that gained influence by being part of the trade network of the Pacific Ocean	75
6431559359	Nationalism	coming together as one; creation of a distinct community identity	76
6431559360	Napoleon Bonaparte	Military leader in the French Army -got control and lead the military to expand empire -exiled and defeated	77
6431559361	American Revolution	Conflict between the British Army and groups of formalized military -Boston Tea Party -Loyalists=British	78
6431559362	Miscegenation	the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, etc...	79
6431559363	Voltaire	Writer who focused on individual freedoms -attacked institutions that were for oppressive policies	80
6431559364	Touissaint L'Ouverture	Slave who helped his master escape before joining the rebellion -leader in military -wanted rights more than independence	81
6431559365	Anti-Semitism	Anti-Jewish beliefs throughout Europe; leads to the concentration of Zionism -Anti-Semitic areas led to violence/pogroms	82
6431559366	Canals	Man-made channels that shared river basins because of lock systems or across areas w/o river access	83
6431559367	Imperialism	A system or policy extending a country's power/influence through military force or the act of conducting international relations	84
6431559368	Transportation: Railroads and Steamships	Carry large cargo, lowering the cost of transportation ( to new regions), networks	85
6431559369	Boxer Rebellion	Anti-foreign/Christian rebellion movement 1.) Against foreign imperialism 2.) Support of the Chinese government 3.) War against the Great Powers -mass destruction when defeated -> more foreign involvement	86
6431559370	Haitian Revolution	Haiti is the center of sugar production, 3 major groups of people, civil war between white settlers and gens de couleurs -slaves attack and kill white settlers -Touissant -French troops arrive to restore order -Brits and Spanish forces intervene in hopes of benefitting from France's difficulties - L'Oveurture leads army that controlled Saint-Domingue -created constitution -Napolean -Touissant dies -declaration of independence -Haiti established	87
6431559371	French Revolution	First, Second, Third Estate -serious financial problems -Louis XVI wanted to raise taxes on 2nd Estate -3rd Estate=National Assembly -Bastille Prison (women riot) -Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen -N.A. set up goals -Reign of Terror -Napoleon ------------------------------------------------- Fall of monarchy/republic Declaration *Least "revolutionary"	88