Unit 2 AP human Flashcards

7396420146	Ecumene	The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.	0
7396420147	Population Clusters	Western Europe, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia Largest concentrations of population in these regions	1
7396420148	Population Distribution Causes/consequences	populations tend to cluster around major water ways	2
7396420149	Population Explosion	the expontential growth that has occurred over the past 100 years.	3
7396420150	Demographic momentum	The tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline	4
7396420151	J curve	exponential growth	5
7396420152	Carrying Capacity	largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support	6
7396420153	Overpopulation	The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.	7
7396420154	Population density	Number of individuals per unit area	8
7396420155	Arithmetic Density	The total number of people divided by the total land area.	9
7396420156	Physiological Density	the number of people per unit area of arable land	10
7396420157	Agricultural Density	The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture	11
7396420160	Crude Birth Rate (CBR)	annual number of births per 1000 people	12
7396420161	Crude Death Rate (CDR)	annual number of deaths per 1000 people	13
7396420162	Rate of Natural Increase	CBR-CDR the percentage by which a population grows in a year excludes migration	14
7396420163	Demographic Equation	NIR = CBR - CDR INCLUDING NET MIGRATION	15
7396420164	Doubling Time	The time required for a population to double in size	16
7396420165	Mortality	death	17
7396420166	Natality	Birth rate	18
7396420167	Total Fertility Rate	The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.	19
7396420170	infant Mortality Rate	The number of infant deaths per 1,000 births.	20
7396420171	Life Expectancy	A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live	21
7396420172	Population Pyramid	A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.	22
7396420173	Dependency Ratio	The number of nonworking members compared to working members for a given population (0-14, 65 and up)	23
7396420174	Sex Ratio	The number of males per 100 females in the population.	24
7396420175	Age distribution	Percentage of the total population, or the population of each sex, at each age level.	25
7396420176	Aging population	A population with a high proportion of elderly	26
7396420178	Demographic Transition Theory	Movement from a high birth rate, high death rate to a low birth rate, low death rate.	27
7396420179	Zero population growth	occurs when the birth rate equals the death rate	28
7396420180	Overpopulation	too many people in one place for the resources available	29
7396420181	Thomas Malthus	English economist: Said that population tends to increase more rapidly than food supplies	30
7396420182	S Curve	refers to part of population curve where the population starts to stabilize	31
7396420183	Epidemiological transition model	distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition	32
7396420184	Pandemic	A global outbreak of an infectious disease	33
7396420185	Pronatalist Population Policies	government policies that try to promote larger families and birth rates	34
7396420186	Anti Natalist population policies	government policies that try to promote smaller families and a decline in birth rates	35
7396420187	Migration	A movement from one country or region to another	36
7396420188	Immigration	Migration to a new location	37
7396420189	Emigration	Migration from a location	38
7396420190	Migration Transition Model	corresponds to demographic transition model, shows how many people migrated over time	39
7396420191	International Migration	Permanent movement from one country to another.	40
7396420192	Internal Migration	Permanent Movement within a particular country.	41
7396420193	US Migration Patterns	four waves of people coming into the United States at certain times	42
7396420194	Major historical migrations	slave trade, irish potato famine	43
7396420195	Interregional Migration	Permanent movement from one region of a country to another. only in large countries	44
7396420196	Intraregional: Rural to Urban	movement from countryside to cities	45
7396420197	Intraregional: Urban to suburbs	movement from cities to the surrounding smaller cities, suburbs creates growth of metro area	46
7396420198	Counterurbanization	Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.	47
7396420199	Chain migration	pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links	48
7396420200	Step Migration	Migration that follows a path of a series of stages or steps towards a final destination	49
7396420203	Brain Drain	the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries	50
7396420204	Push Factors	factors that push people out of one place to another place (environmental disasters, wars, famine)	51
7396420205	Pull Factors	Factors that induce people to move to a new location.Tend to be positive. Better economy, better environment, food	52
7396420206	Migrant workers	people who move from one region to another in search of work	53
7396420207	Forced migrations	people do not choose to leave. They are either forced to leave or have to leave for fear of death	54
7396420208	Refugees	people who flee their homeland to seek safety elsewhere	55
7396420209	Internally displaced persons	People who are forced to flee their home but stay within the country's borders	56
7396420210	Asylym seekers	migrants that are seeking sanctuary from foreign governments from fear of persecution	57
7396420212	Unauthorized Immigrants	People who enter a country without proper documents	58
7396420214	Ravenstein's characteristics of migrants	migrants tend to be young, childless, males	59