AP Biology - Cells Flashcards
Campbell's Ch 6, 7: structure and function, prokaryotes v eukaryotes, mvmnt of substances, protein function. Also Cliff's AP Bio 4th ed., Ch 3: Cells.
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| 5387753423 | plasma membrane | separates internal metabolic event; controls mvmnt of materials |  | 0 |
| 5387753424 | saturated fatty acid membrane | packed tight; rigid membrane |  | 1 |
| 5387753425 | unsaturated fatty acid membrane | not packed tight; flexible membrane |  | 2 |
| 5387753439 | organelles | bodies within cytoplasm; chemical rxns isolated, able to take place w/o interference; large surface areas to max. space for rxns |  | 3 |
| 5387753440 | nucleus | contains DNA and nucleoli; site of cell division |  | 4 |
| 5387753441 | chromatin | DNA spread through nucleus like web |  | 5 |
| 5387753442 | chromosomes | DNA becomes rod-shaped as cell begins division; includes 2 long DNA molecules and histone proteins |  | 6 |
| 5387753445 | nucleoli | concentrations of DNA in process of manufacturing ribosomes |  | 7 |
| 5387753446 | nuclear pores | passageway for proteins and RNA |  | 8 |
| 5387753447 | nuclear envelope | 2 bilipid layers; bounded to nucleus, continuous with ER |  | 9 |
| 5387753448 | ribosome | 2 RNA subunits + proteins; free v bound; protein synthesis |  | 10 |
| 5387753449 | free ribosomes | in cytosol; proteins made function within cell EX: enzymes that catalyze sugar breakdown |  | 11 |
| 5387753450 | bound ribosomes | attached to ER or nuclear envelope; proteins made function within cell membrane or exported from cell |  | 12 |
| 5387753451 | smooth ER | w/o ribosomes; synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolizes CHO, detoxification |  | 13 |
| 5387753452 | rough ER | w/ ribosomes; synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins, produces new membrane | | 14 |
| 5387753453 | golgi apparatus | collect, modify, and package proteins, CHO and lipids |  | 15 |
| 5387753454 | lysosomes | (animal cells only) vesicles from Golgi with hydrolytic enzymes; break down material in cytosol for recycling; low pH |  | 16 |
| 5387753455 | peroxisomes | animals: breakdown H202, fatty acids, AAs; plants: modify by-products of photosynthesis |  | 17 |
| 5387753456 | mitochondria | carry out cellular respiration; two membranes allow separation of metabolic processes |  | 18 |
| 5387753457 | chloroplasts | (plant cells only) carry out photosynthesis; two membranes |  | 19 |
| 5387753458 | microtubules | made of protein tubulin; found in spindle apparatus (guides chromosome mvmnt in cell division); support and motility for cell activity |  | 20 |
| 5387753460 | microfilaments | made of protein actin; found in cells that move by shape change, e.g. muscle cells; cell motility |  | 21 |
| 5387753461 | flagella | long, few, snake-like mvmnt; 9+2 microtubule EX: sperm |  | 22 |
| 5387753462 | cilia | short, many, back-and-forth mvmnt; 9+2 microtubule EX: line respiratory tract | | 23 |
| 5387753463 | centrioles | (animal cells only) microtubule organizing centers; create spine apparatus in cell division |  | 24 |
| 5387753464 | transport vesicles | move materials btwn organelles |  | 25 |
| 5387753465 | food vacuoles | receive nutrients; usually merge with lysosomes |  | 26 |
| 5387753466 | contractile vacuoles | collect and pump water in cell |  | 27 |
| 5387753467 | central vacuoles | (plant cells only) contain most of plant cell interior; exert tugor when full for cell rigidity; functions specialized: 1) store starch, nutrients, waste, etc. 2) lysosome function 3) cell growth by absorbing H20 4) renders large SA-to-V ratio |  | 28 |
| 5387753468 | cell walls | (plant cells only) support |  | 29 |
| 5387753469 | extracellular matrix | (animal cells only) mechanical support, helps bind adjacent cells |  | 30 |
| 5387753470 | cell junctions | anchor cells together for cellular exchange |  | 31 |
| 5387753474 | gap junctions | (animals) (communication) narrow tunnels; basically channel protein connecting 2 cells |  | 32 |
| 5387753475 | plasmodesmata | (plants) (communication) narrow tunnels; like gap junctions |  | 33 |
| 5387753476 | prokaryotes | plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall |  | 34 |