03 Enzymes AP Biology Flashcards

7486179937	metabolic pathway	Begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product.	0
7486181408	catabolic pathways	Metabolic pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.	1
7486182456	anabolic pathways	Metabolic pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones.	2
7486232948	bioenergenetics	The study of how organisms manage their energy resources.	3
7486232949	kinetic energy	Energy associated with relative motion of objects.	4
7486234301	thermal energy	Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of molecules or atoms.	5
7486234302	potential energy	Occurs when an object is not moving, but may still posses energy.	6
7486235518	first law of thermodynamics	Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.	7
7486235519	entropy	A measure of disorder or randomness.	8
7486236823	second law of thermodynamics	Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.	9
7486236824	free energy	Measures the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell.	10
7486236932	endergonic reaction	Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings.	11
7486238407	exergonic reaction	Reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy.	12
7486238408	energy coupling	The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.	13
7486239411	ATP (adenosine triphosphate)	Composed of a sugar ribose, nitrogenous base adenine, and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it.	14
7486239412	phosphorylation	The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.	15
7486240806	catalyst	A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.	16
7486240807	enzyme	A catalytic protein.	17
7486241567	activation energy	The amount of energy needed to push the reactants over an energy barrier.	18
7486241568	enzyme-substrate complex	When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it forms:	19
7486241582	active site	A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme.	20
7486243037	induced fit	Brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the chemical reaction.	21
7486243038	cofactor	Non-protein helpers that may be bound tightly to the enzyme as a permanent resident, or may bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate.	22
7486243039	coenzyme	If the cofactor is an organic molecule.	23
7486244815	competitive inhibitors	Reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites.	24
7486244816	noncompetitive inhibitors	Impede enzymatic reactions by binding to another part of the enzyme (other than the active site).	25
7486244817	allosteric regulation	When a protein's function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site.	26
7486245982	cooperativity	It amplifies the response of enzymes to substrates.	27
7486245983	feedback inhibition	A metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.	28