AP Psychology Unit 5 Flashcards

6074293553	consciousness	our awareness of ourselves and our environment	0
6074293554	circadian rhythm	the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of the temperature and wakefulness) that occurs on 24- hour cycle	1
6074293555	REM sleep	rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dream commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except of minor twitches) but other body systems are active.	2
6074293556	alpha waves	the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state	3
6074293557	sleep	periodic, natural loss of consciousness---as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia or hibernation. (Adapted from dement, 1999.)	4
6074293558	hallucinations	false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus	5
6074293559	delta waves	the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep	6
6074293560	NREM sleep	non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep	7
6074293561	narcolepsy	a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.	8
6074293562	sleep apnea	a sleep disorder characterizing by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings	9
6074293563	night terrors	a sleep disorder characterizing by high arousal and appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.	10
6074293564	dream	a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.	11
6074293565	manifest content	according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).	12
6074293566	latent content	according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).	13
6074293567	REM rebound	the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation ( created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).	14
6074293568	hypnosis	a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.	15
6074293569	posthypnotic suggestions	a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.	16
6074293570	dissociation	a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors occur simultaneously with others.	17
6074293571	psychoactive drug	a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.	18
6074293572	tolerance	the diminishing effect with regular use of the same does of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effects	19
6074293573	withdrawal	the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug	20
6074293574	physical dependence	a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued	21
6074293575	psychological dependence	a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions	22
6074293576	addiction	compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences	23
6074293577	depressants	drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions	24
6074293578	barbiturates	drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment	25
6074293579	opiates	opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety	26
6074293580	stimulants	drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body function	27
6074293581	amphetamines	drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.	28
6074293582	methamphetamine	a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels	29
6074293583	ecstasy (MDMA)	A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.	30
6074293584	hallucinogens	psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.	31
6074293585	LSD	a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide)	32
6074293586	near-death experience	an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug induced hallucinations	33
6074293587	THC	The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations	34
6074297136	Cocaine	A stimulant that works by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine	35