AP Psychology Unit 8 Flashcards

Myer's Psychology for AP (Unit 8A: Motivation)

5780836175	motivation	a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior	0
5780836176	instinct	a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned	1
5780836177	drive reduction theory	the idea that a physiological need creates an arousal tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need	2
5780836178	homeostatis	a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant interval state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose around a particular level	3
5780836179	incentive	a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behaviors	4
5780836180	hierarchy of needs	Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs an then psychological needs become active	5
5780836181	transpersonal	when people strive for meaning, purpose and communion that is beyond self	6
5780836182	glucose	the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When it is low, we feel hungry	7
5780836183	lateral hypothalamus	when food is deprived, blood sugar levels wane causing orexin to be sent out in the system	8
5780836184	ventromedial hypothalamus	depresses hunger. stimulate it, the body won't eat. destroy it, food will process faster making you fat	9
5780836185	insulin	secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose	10
5780836186	leptin	secreted fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger	11
5780836187	orexin	hunger triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus	12
5780836188	ghrelin	secreted by stomach; sends "I'm hungry" to brain	13
5780836189	obestatin	secreted by stomach; tells brain "I'm full"	14
5780836190	PYY	digestive tract hormone; tells brain "I'm not hungry"	15
5780836191	set point	the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore lost weight	16
5780836192	basal metabolic rate	the body's resting rate of energy expenditure	17
5780836193	neophobia	fear of new things	18
5780836194	unit bias	similar mindlessness	19
5780836195	anorexia	an eating disorder in which a person diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet still feeling fat continues to starve	20
5780836196	bulimia	an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise	21
5780836197	binge eating disorder	significant binge eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, guilt but without compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia	22
5780836198	obese	a body mass index of 30 or more	23
5780836199	fat cells	what makes a person fat are his or her fat cells. Their count is less in fat people and are full quicker	24
5780836201	excitement	genital areas become engorged in blood; vagina expands and secretes lubricant, breasts and nipples enlarge	25
5780836202	plateau	breathing, pulse and blood pressure rates increases. Penis becomes fully engorged and some fluid may appear at tip. Vaginal secretions continue	26
5780836203	orgasm	female facilitates conception by positioning uterus to receive sperm. Both men and women feel same pleasure after release	27
5780836204	resolution	body returns to unaroused state	28
5780836205	refractory period	a resting period after orgasm, during which men cannot reach another orgasm. can last from minutes to days	29
5780836206	estrogen	sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than males and contributes to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, levels peak during ovulation promoting sexual receptivity	30
5780836207	testosterone	the most important of male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of male sex characteristics during puberty	31
5780836208	sexual orientation	an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the other sex	32
5780836209	erotic plasticity	while heterosexual males look for females in sexually explicit content, women look at both as equal	33
5780836210	fraternal birth order effect	men who have order brothers are more likely to become homosexual and is 1/3 more likely for each brother	34
5780836211	arousal theory	theory of motivation; each individual has an optimal level of arousal (alertness, paying attention) that varies from one situation to the next; maintained by desire at that moment; may affect your performance (Yerkes-Dodson Law); Advantages-sensation or thrillseekers	35
5780836212	Extrinsic Motivation	external motivation; completion of activity because of the consequence: reward or to avoid punishment; ex. Job, chores, school assignment, etc.	36
5780836213	Intrinsic Motivation	internal motivation; completing the activity because it please you; ex. Singing, reading, crosswords, etc.	37