AP Government Chapter 3 Flashcards

5419702425	Necessary and Proper Clause	Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it by the Constitution	0
5419702427	Dual federalism	Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs and the two spheres should be kept separate.	1
5419702428	Unitary System	sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government	2
5419702429	Sovereignty	supreme or ultimate political authority.	3
5419702430	Confederation	States are sovereign and the national government is allowed to do only that which the states permit	4
5419702431	McCulloch v Maryland	The Constitution's "necessary and proper" clause permits Congress to take actions (in this case to create a national bank) when it is essential to a power that Congress has (in this case, managing the currency)	5
5419702432	Gibbons v Ogden	The Constitution's commerce clause gives the national government exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce	6
5419702433	United States v Lopez	The national government's power under the commerce clause does not permit it to regulate matters not directly related to interstate commerce (in this case, banning firearms in a school zone)	7
5419702434	Initiative	Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot	8
5419702435	Referendum	Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature	9
5419702436	Recall	Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office	10
5419702437	Grants-in-aid	Money given by the national government to the states	11
5419702438	Categorical grants	Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport	12
5419702439	Block grants	Federal grants for general purposes and with few restrictions	13
5419702441	Mandates	Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants	14