AP Biology Organic Chemistry Flashcards

7251048435	monomer	a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form dimers or polymers	0
7251048436	polymer	large compound formed from combinations of many monomers	1
7251048437	carbohydrate	organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; used for energy or structural support	2
7251048438	lipid	organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen & relatively few oxygen used for energy storage; include fats, oils, steroids, waxes and other nonpolar substances	3
7251048439	Protein	organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; perform many functions including growth, repair and catalysis	4
7251048440	amino acid	monomer of a protein contains an amine group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH)	5
7251048441	hydrolysis	process by which organic polymers break into monomers by the addition of a H+ and an OH- (a molecule of water)	6
7251048442	enzyme	protein that acts as a catalyst and speeds up chemical reactions in the cell	7
7251048443	Isomer	molecule with same chemical formula, but different structure and properties	8
7251048444	Hydrogen Bond	weak, noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegetive atom (O, N, F)	9
7251048445	Covalent Bond	bonding pairs that shares electrons equally	10
7251048446	Polar Covalent Bond	Bonding pairs that share electrons unequally (as in water)	11
7251048447	Buffer	Solution that resist change in pH	12
7251048448	Glucose	Simple sugar that is component of carbohydrates and is also an energy source for living organisms; C6H12O6	13
7251048449	Ion	Atom or a molecule where total number of electrons is not equal to toal number of protons. It causes atom or molecule to have either positive or negative elctrical charge.	14
7251048450	Hydrocarbons	simplest organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen	15
7251048451	ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate; energy molecule used to power cellular processes	16
7251048452	polar molecule	A molecule that has an unevenly distributed charge.	17
7251048453	aqueous solution	A solution in which water acts as a solvent	18
7251048454	hydrophilic	substance that has an affinity for water	19
7251048455	hydrophobic	substances that do not have affinity for water; nonionic or nonpolar compounds	20
7251048456	Valence Shell	The outer most shell of an atom that allows the cells to bond with one another. The first shell has a maximum of 2 and the rest have a maximum of 8 electrons.	21
7251048457	Dehydration synthesis	occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule.	22
7251048458	Functional Group	A group of atoms in an organic compound that contribute to the personality of the compound	23
7251048459	Monosaccharides	carbohydrate monomer, usually a sugar such as glucose	24
7251048460	Disaccharides	carbohydrate dimer, such as sucrose	25
7251048461	Polysaccharides	carbohydrate polymer, such as starch, glycogen, cellulose or chitin	26
7251048462	Acid	solution which contains more H+ ions than OH-; has a pH < 7	27
7251048463	Basic	solution which contains more OH- ions than H+; has a pH > 7	28
7251048464	Catalyst	substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not changed during the reaction	29
7251048465	Glycogen	carbohydrate polymer found in animals composed of bonded glucose molecules	30
7251048466	organic compound	Compound that contains carbon and hydrogen	31
7251048467	macromolecules	organic polymer	32
7251048468	starch	carbohydrate polymer found in plants; composed of bonded glucose molecules	33
7251048469	Cellulose	Polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls	34
7251048470	Chitin	polysaccharide that makes up the shells and exoskeletons of some animals and the cell walls of fungi	35
7251048471	fatty acid	subunit of triglycerides composed of long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogens	36
7251048472	phospholipid	amphiphatic lipid that composes most of the cell membrane	37
7251048473	Steroid	lipid made up of a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings	38
7251048474	Cholesterol	important steroid found in animal cell membranes	39
7251048475	nucleic acid	organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus which store and transmit genetic information	40